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Operating System Articles
Page 4 of 171
How does the operating system act as a resource manager and extended machine?
An operating system is the interface between the user and the machine which controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. Operating System as Extended Machine Let us understand how the operating system works as an Extended Machine. At the Machine level the structure of a computer’s system is complicated to program, mainly for input or output. Programmers do not deal with hardware. They will always mainly focus on implementing software. Therefore, a level of abstraction is supposed ...
Read MoreDistributed Systems
A distributed system contains multiple nodes that are physically separate but linked together using the network. All the nodes in this system communicate with each other and handle processes in tandem. Each of these nodes contains a small part of the distributed operating system software.A diagram to better explain the distributed system is −Types of Distributed SystemsThe nodes in the distributed systems can be arranged in the form of client/server systems or peer to peer systems. Details about these are as follows −Client/Server SystemsIn client server systems, the client requests a resource and the server provides that resource. A server ...
Read MoreWhat is Congestion Control Algorithm?
Congestion causes choking of the communication medium. When too many packets are displayed in a method of the subnet, the subnet's performance degrades. Hence, a network's communication channel is called congested if packets are traversing the path and experience delays mainly over the path's propagation delay. There is two congestion control algorithm which is as follows: Leaky Bucket The leaky bucket algorithm discovers its use in the context of network traffic shaping or rate-limiting. The algorithm allows controlling the rate at which a record is injected into a network and managing burstiness in the data rate. ...
Read MoreHow to Change the Default Home Directory of a User on Linux?
Introduction When you create a user on a Linux system, that user is given a default home directory. This home directory is a personal space where the user can store their files and settings. Sometimes it may be necessary to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. This could be because you want to provide a different location for the user's files or because you want to change the user's name and update the home directory accordingly. In this article, we will discuss how to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. Before you ...
Read MoreRun a Script on Startup in Linux
There are several ways to run a script on startup in Linux, depending on your specific distribution and the type of script you are trying to run. Using systemd − On systems that use systemd, you can create a systemd service file for your script and configure it to run on startup. Using cron − You can use the cron daemon to schedule your script to run at startup. You can add a line to the cron table (crontab) to run your script at a specific time on startup. Using init.d − On systems that use the older init.d ...
Read MoreWhat is computer architecture?
Computer architecture can be defined as a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, management and implementation of computers. To be precise, it is nothing but rules by which a system performs and operates.Sub-divisionsComputer Architecture can be divided into mainly three categories, which are as follows −Instruction set Architecture or ISA − Whenever an instruction is given to processor, its role is to read and act accordingly. It allocates memory to instructions and also acts upon memory address mode (Direct Addressing mode or Indirect Addressing mode).Micro Architecture − It describes how a particular processor will handle and implement ...
Read MoreWhat is memory hierarchy?
The Computer memory hierarchy looks like a pyramid structure which is used to describe the differences among memory types. It separates the computer storage based on hierarchy.Level 0: CPU registersLevel 1: Cache memoryLevel 2: Main memory or primary memoryLevel 3: Magnetic disks or secondary memoryLevel 4: Optical disks or magnetic types or tertiary MemoryIn Memory Hierarchy the cost of memory, capacity is inversely proportional to speed. Here the devices are arranged in a manner Fast to slow, that is form register to Tertiary memory.Let us discuss each level in detail:Level-0 − RegistersThe registers are present inside the CPU. As they ...
Read MoreWhat is operating system design and implementation?
The operating system is needed to design and implement because without proper design and implementation any system cannot work properly, for every aspect or for any development a proper design and implementation should be necessary so that it can work in good manner and we can easily debug if any failures occur.So, design and implementation is a necessary part of an operating system and this technique can be used by every user who uses a computer.There are different types of techniques to design and implement the operating system.Design goalsMechanismImplementationLet us discuss each technique in detail.Design goalsLet us understand the features ...
Read MoreExclude Multiple Patterns With Grep on Linux
Introduction Grep is a powerful command line utility on Linux that allows users to search for patterns in text files. It is widely used for tasks such as searching log files for specific strings or patterns, searching for specific lines in a configuration file, or extracting information from a large dataset. One of the useful features of grep is the ability to exclude multiple patterns from the search. This can be useful when you want to filter out irrelevant or unwanted results from your search. In this article, we will discuss how to exclude multiple patterns with grep on Linux. ...
Read MoreWhat is a distributed Operating System?
Distributed Operating System is a type of model where applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. It is an extension of the network operating system which supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network. Distributed OS runs on multiple CPUs but for an end-user, it is just an ordinary centralized operating system. It can share all resources like CPU, disk, network interface, nodes, computers, etc. from one site to another site, and it increases the data available on the entire ...
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