The Nucleus is an RTOS that was developed by Mentor Graphics Embedded Software Division, a Siemens Business that supports 32-bit and 64-bit embedded system platforms. The Nucleus operating system (OS) is mainly intended for use in real-time embedded systems in medical, aerospace, industrial, consumer, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this article, we will explore Nucleus Operating System, its components, and features as well. Nucleus Operating System The Nucleus OS was initially introduced in 1993. The latest version, 3.x, offers various features, including 64-bit support, safety certification, power management, and a process model. It also supports heterogeneous computing ... Read More

The NTFS file system used by Windows operating systems includes NTFS (New Technology File System) junction points. In essence, junction points are a kind of symbolic link that lets you join one directory to another inside the same file system. In this article, we will explore NTFS Junction Points, it’s architecture diagram, their use cases, example code in C#, and their benefits as well. NTFS Junction Points The main purpose of junction points is to build directory-level links, which let you change the path's destination to another location on the same volume. This can be helpful in a variety ... Read More

Concurrent programming employs the notion of lock variable synchronization to make sure that several threads or processes can safely access shared resources without coming into race situations or inconsistent data. It offers a mechanism to manage the order in which threads or processes are executed, enabling them to have exclusive access to shared resources when required. In this article, we will explore the mechanism of lock variable synchronization, use cases, and an example code snippet in C as well. Lock Variable Synchronization Utilizing a shared variable, often known as a lock or mutex (short for mutual exclusion), to ... Read More

Introduction System monitoring is an essential aspect of Linux administration, as it gives a clear overview of system resources usage, and the performances of various processes and applications running on a Linux system. Several tools provide this functionality, but Htop stands out due to its superior features and user-friendly interface. Htop is an interactive process viewer and system monitor that supersedes the older 'top' utility found in most Linux distributions. Htop offers a real−time, color−coded, and graphical representation of the processes running on a system, with CPU, memory, and swap usage displayed at the top. In this article, we delve ... Read More

An operating system (OS) is a piece of software that controls and manages the hardware and software resources of a computer while also giving users a simple way to interact with the system. By serving as a conduit between the user and the computer hardware, it makes it easier for different system parts to coordinate and communicate with one another. In this article, we will explore different operating systems along with their latest versions and features as well. Top Operating Systems Today's systems use a variety of operating systems. Here are a few of them − macOS Microsoft Windows ... Read More

Introduction Linux, the popular open-source operating system, comes with a set of useful tools and commands that you can leverage for everyday tasks. One such task is file compression, and Linux provides various methods to zip or compress files and directories. This guide will walk you through how to zip a file in Linux using commands like 'gzip', 'zip', and 'tar'. Using the 'gzip' Command 'gzip' (GNU zip) is a widely-used command for file compression in Linux. Here is an example of how to use it − gzip filename.txt This command will compress the file 'filename.txt' and rename it ... Read More

Awk is a powerful text-processing language named after its three original authors: Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan. It's a versatile language primarily used for pattern scanning and processing. Awk is a staple of Unix scripting and is commonly used for tasks like data extraction, reporting, and data transformation. Awk scripts are quick to write and perform well for small to medium-sized tasks. In this article, we will introduce you to the basics of writing scripts using the Awk programming language. Basic Syntax An Awk program consists of a sequence of pattern-action pairs, written as − pattern { action ... Read More

Introduction The disc scheduling method N-Step-SCAN (also called N-Step-LOOK) determines the sequence whereby disc requests for input/output are handled. It is a development for the SCAN (Elevator) method, which functions by moving the disc arm in a particular direction and responding to demands there as long as it receives no more inquiries or requests from that guidance, at which point it switches directions. The N-Step-SCAN algorithm adds an option, N, that specifies how many requests must be handled in a particular direction beforehand transforming. N-Step-SCAN support N demands in a particular direction, irrespective of whether or not there are still ... Read More

Operating systems use the Not Recently Used (NRU) page replacement algorithm as a fundamental page replacement tactic to control memory. Its major goal is to locate and remove pages from memory that haven't been accessed in a while. In this article, we will be discussing the NRU page replacement algorithm, the classes in it, the steps involved, the use cases, and also its benefits. The NRU algorithm Classes Based on their usage or reference bit, pages are divided into four classes by the NRU algorithm − Class 0 − Since they were loaded into memory, pages cannot be referenced (accessed) ... Read More

Operating systems assign memory to processes using the memory management strategy known as non-contiguous allocation. This method divides memory into fixed-size blocks or partitions, and each partition can be assigned to a process according to its needs in terms of size. The non-contiguous allocation permits a process's memory to be dispersed among several regions in the main memory, in contrast to the contiguous allocation, where a process occupies a single block of memory. When working with processes of varying sizes, this strategy offers greater flexibility and effective memory utilization. In this article, we will be exploring what is Non-Contiguous Memory ... Read More