Operating System Articles - Page 186 of 179

In client server computing, the clients requests a resource and the server provides that resource. A server may serve multiple clients at the same time while a client is in contact with only one server. Both the client and server usually communicate via a computer network but sometimes they may reside in the same system.An illustration of the client server system is given as follows −Characteristics of Client Server ComputingThe salient points for client server computing are as follows:The client server computing works with a system of request and response. The client sends a request to the server and the ... Read More

A single processor system contains only one processor. So only one process can be executed at a time and then the process is selected from the ready queue. Most general purpose computers contain the single processor systems as they are commonly in use.A single processor system can be further described using the diagram below −As in the above diagram, there are multiple applications that need to be executed. However, the system contains a single processor and only one process can be executed at a time.Differences Between Single Processor and Multiprocessor SystemsThere are many differences between single processor and multiprocessor systems.Some ... Read More

A process is an active program i.e a program that is under execution. It contains the program code, program counter, process stack, registers etc.Process StatesThe different states that a process is in during its execution are explained using the following diagram −New- The process is in new state when it has just been created.Ready - The process is waiting to be assigned the processor by the short term scheduler.Running - The process instructions are being executed by the processor.Waiting - The process is waiting for some event such as I/O to occur.Terminated - The process has completed its execution.Process Control ... Read More

Volatile and Non-Volatile storage are the two forms of storage in any computer system.Volatile StorageThis is a type of computer memory that remains while there is power and the data is lost when power is switched off. A prime example of volatile memory is RAM. It is a type of primary storage. It allows the user to randomly access any part of the data regardless of its position in roughly the same time. This is not possible using other storage devices such as hard disks, CD’s etc. because they have physical constraints such rotation speeds, arm movements etc.There are mainly ... Read More

Computer storage has components that store computer data. The different storage types in the storage hierarchy are as follows: Primary Storage This is also known as the main memory and is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. All the instructions are executed in the main memory by CPU and the data required by these instructions is also stored in main memory. Main memory primarily consists of the RAM which is volatile in nature. It is also quite small compared to secondary memory and expensive as well. Secondary Storage Secondary or external storage is not directly accessible by the ... Read More

Computer storage contains many components that are used to store computer data. Some information about the various storage devices is given below.Computer Storage DefinitionsThe computer storage devices include Primary and Secondary Storage devices. These are explained in detail as follows −Primary Storage DevicesPrimary storage is also known as the main memory and is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. Some primary storage devices are −ROMROM is read only memory. This memory cannot be changed, it can only be read as required. Since ROM is unchangeable memory, it is used by data and programs that are frequently required and seldom ... Read More

The computer system is a combination of many parts such as peripheral devices, secondary memory, CPU, etc. This can be explained more clearly using a diagram.The salient points about the above figure displaying Computer System Organisation is −The I/O devices and the CPU both execute concurrently. Some of the processes are scheduled for the CPU and at the same time, some are undergoing input/output operations.There are multiple device controllers, each in charge of a particular device such as keyboard, mouse, printer etc.There is buffer available for each of the devices. The input and output data can be stored in these ... Read More

process Burst time A 4 B 1 C 8 D 1time slice=10 unitA B C D A C C C 0 2 3 5 6 8 10 12 14So A will complete 8 cycles.

The function time.time() returns the time in seconds since the epoch, i.e., the point where the time starts.For Unix, the epoch is January 1, 1970. For Windows, the epoch is January 1, 1601.time.time() is used for benchmarking on Windows. time.time() behaves the same on both UNIX and Windows but time.clock() has different meanings.On UNIX, time.clock returns the current processor time expressed in seconds, i.e., the CPU time it takes to execute the current thread so far. While on Windows, it returns the wall-clock time expressed in seconds elapsed since the first call to this function, based on the Win32 function ... Read More

You can find it in %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc where %SystemRoot% is generally your C:\ drive.To modify this file, you can right-click and open this file in Edit mode in Notepad. To perform this you should have Administrator rights in the system.