Extended inter-frame spacing (EIFS), is a waiting period used in MAC layer of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network standard (WLAN standard). It is an additional waiting period used in addition to the mandatory DISF technique in case of corrupted frames.DISF (Distributed coordination function inter-frame spacing) is inserted before sending frames to avoid collisions in areas where carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. EISF is used for erroneous frames.Functioning of EIFSIn normal delivery of frames, DISF waiting period is good enough. However, when a previously received frame is corrupted, the DISF waiting period proves to be insufficient. ... Read More

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. CSMA/CA prevents collisions prior to their occurrence and is ideally used in wireless communications.Rate anomaly occurs when the performance of a high speed station is impaired due to a low speed station, thus reducing the average throughput of the entire wireless network.ExplanationThe CSMA/CA allows each station to send a single frame at a time. Before sending a frame, the station waits for a certain inter-frame spacing (IFS). Following the IFS, it sends the request to send ... Read More

Arbitration inter-frame spacing (AIFS), is an optional technique used to prevent collisions in IEEE 802.11e based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi), in the medium access control (MAC) layer. It determines the time interval that a station should wait before it sends its request frame, by prioritizing the stations based upon the Access Category, i.e. the type of data to be transmitted.Functioning of AIFSIn a wireless communication, it is very difficult to resolve collisions. So, collision avoidance schemes are used when multiple stations want to access the channels. Inter-frame spacing are inserted before transmissions for avoiding collisions. Unlike other inter-frame spaces, AISF assigns ... Read More

ISO9000ISO9000 is an international standard of quality management and quality assurance. It certifies the companies that they are documenting the quality system elements which are needed to run a efficient and quality system.SEI-CMMSEI (Software Engineering Institute) - Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is specifically for software organizations to certify them at which level, they are following and maintaining the quality standards.Following are the important differences between ISO9000 and SEI-CMM.Sr. No.KeyISO9000SEI-CMM.1DefinitionISO9000 is an international standard of quality management and quality assurance. It certifies the companies that they are documenting the quality system elements which are needed to run a efficient and quality ... Read More

EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. It is used to share information between routers lying in the same region. It can be easily implemented in small as well as large networks.OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path first. It is used on variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) and discontinuous networks. It is a classless routing protocol.Read through this article to find out more about EIGRP and OSPF and how these two protocols are different from each other.What is EIGRP?EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol for automating routing decisions and configuration on a computer network. Cisco Systems designed the protocol ... Read More

Centralized Version ControlCentralized Version Control is a version control system using server/client model and server contains all the history of source code.Distributed Version ControlDistributed Version Control is a version control where each client can have same copy of source code as server has and both server and client maintain history of source code.Following are the important difference between Centralized Version Control and Distributed Version Control.Sr. No.KeyCentralized Version ControlDistributed Version Control1WorkingIn CVS, a client need to get local copy of source from server, do the changes and commit those changes to centeral source on server.In DVS, each client can have a ... Read More

A workstation is a computer which is used to access LAN or Internet to get access to documents or perform a task, whereas a server is a software which responds to services requested by a client. Read through this article to know more about workstations and servers and how they are different from each other. What is a Server? A server is a computer, a device, or a program entirely responsible for managing network resources. Servers are called so because they provide the functionality to a "client, " another computer, device, or application. In theory, computers are considered servers ... Read More

The terms web browser and web server are very common in the field of computer science and Internet, however people often get confused between the two. The most basic difference between a web browser and a web server is that a web browser is an application software which is used to browse and display webpages available over the Internet, whereas a web server is a software hosted on a dedicated computer which provides these documents when requested by web browsers. Read through this article to know more about web browsers and web servers and how they are different from each ... Read More

Both RDBMS and HBase, both are database management systems. RDBMS uses tables to represent data and their relationships. HBase is a column-oriented dbms and it works on top of Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).Following are the important differences between RDBMS and HBase.Sr. No.KeyRDBMSHBase1DefinitionRDBMS stands for Relational DataBase Management System.HBase has no full form.2SQLRDBMS requires SQL, Structured Query Language.HBase does not need SQL.3SchemaRDBMS has a fixed schema.HBase has no fixed schema.4OrientationRDBMS is row oriented.HBase is column oriented.5ScalablityRDBMS faces problems in scalablity.HBase is highly scalable.6NatureDBMS is static in nature.HBase is dynamic in nature.7Data RetrievalRDBMS data retrieval is slow.HBase data retrieval is fast.8RULERDBMS ... Read More

RDBMS and OODBMS are database management systems. RDBMS uses tables to represent data and their relationships whereas OODBMS represents data in form of objects similar to Object Oriented Programming.Following are the important differences between RDBMS and OODBMS.Sr. No.KeyRDBMSOODBMS1DefinitionRDBMS stands for Relational DataBase Management System.OODBMS stands for Object Oriented DataBase Management System.2Data ManagementData is stored as entities defined in tabular format.Data is stored as objects.3Data ComplexityRDBMS handles simple data.OODBMS handles large and complex data.4TermAn entity refers to collection of similar items having same definition.An class refers to group of objects having common relationships, behaviors and properties.5Data HandlingRDBMS handles only data.OODBMS handles ... Read More