RMON stands for Remote Network Monitoring. It is an extension of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) that allows detailed monitoring of network statistics for Ethernet networks.RMON was initially developed to address remote site and local area network (LAN) segment management from a centralized location. The RMON standard determines a group of functions and statistics exchanged between RMON compatible network probes and console managers.ROM VersionsThere are two ROM Versions which are as follows −RMON1 MIBIt has defined 10 MIB groups for basic network monitoring. It operates on the MAC layer and the physical layer.Statistics MIB Group − It contains a ... Read More

MIB stands for Management Information Base. It is a hierarchical virtual database of network (or other entity) objects describing a device being monitored by a network management system (NMS). A MIB can be used by Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and remote monitoring 1 (RMON1).The MIB database of objects is intended to reference a complete collection of management information on an entity, such as a computer network; however, it is often used to refer to a subset of the database and is often called a MIB module.It is a virtual database used to define the functional and operational aspects of ... Read More

SMI stands for Structure of Management Information. It defines the rules for describing managed objects. In the SNMP framework, managed objects reside in a virtual database called the management information base (MIB). Collection of related objects are defined in MIB modules. The modules are written using a subset of abstract syntax notation, describing the data structures in a machine-dependent language.SNMP uses a basic encoding rule to transmit the data structure across the network without ambiguity. There are several data types that are allowed in SMI are integers, octet string, NULL & object, identifier, user-defined data types based on application.Primitives (Integer, ... Read More

The manager sends a request to an agent, and the agent responds to the request, known as Request/Response interaction. The request is usually used to retrieve or modify management information associated with the network device.Requests which are generated by the manager can be as follows −Get request-PDU − In this manager generates a request for requesting information on specific variables.Get Bulk request Bulk − The manager generates a request for bulk information retrieval introduced in SNMP version 2. It allows the return of as much information as possible in a packet.Set request PDU − It creates or modifies management information ... Read More

SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is an Internet-standard protocol for handling devices on IP networks. Devices that typically provide SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more. It is used mainly in the network management framework to monitor network-attached computers for conditions requiring regulatory attention.It is a framework for managing devices on the Internet using the TCP-IP protocol suite. It supports a set of fundamental operations for monitoring and maintaining the Internet.SNMP ConceptSNMP facilitates the concept of manager and agent. A manager, generally a host, controls and monitors a group of agents, usually routers. ... Read More

Network Management involves monitoring and controlling a network system so that it can operate properly without downtime. So, the function performed by a network management system are categorised as follows −Fault managementFault management is the procedure of technology used to manage the administrator who prevents faults within a networked system so that the availability of downtime is reduced by identifying, isolating and fixing any malfunctions that occur. It can support active and passive components to disavow fault.Configuration managementIt refers to the process of initially configuring a network and then adjusting it in response to changing networks requirements. This function is ... Read More

Network management is the procedure of administering, managing and working a data network using a network management system. Current network management systems use software and hardware to constantly collect and analyse data and push out configuration changes for increasing performance, reliability, and security.It involves configuring monitoring and possibly reconfiguring components in a network with the goal of providing optimal performance, minimum downtime, proper security, accountability and flexibility.FeaturesThere are various features of network management which are as follows −Network automationOne defining feature of a modern network management system is network automation. This is the procedure of automating the configuring, handling, testing, ... Read More

POP stands for Post Office Protocol. It provides a standard mechanism for retrieving emails from a remote server for a mail recipient. For instance, suppose that a home user A usually connects to the Internet using a dial-up connection to an ISP.Suppose that another person, B, has sent an e-mail to A, when A is a net connected to the Internet. The email gets stored in the mailbox for user A provided by the ISP.When A connects to the Internet the next time and wants to see the new e-mail that has arrived, he opens his email client program. That ... Read More

MIME represents Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions. It is a development to the Internet email protocol that enables its users to exchange several kinds of data files over the Internet, including images, audio, and video.The MIME is required if the text in character sets other than the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). Virtually, all human-written Internet email and a fairly large proportion of automated email is transmitted via Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) in MIME format.MIME was designed mainly for SMTP, but the content types defined by MIME standards are important also in communication protocols outside of email, such ... Read More

ATM transfers data in fixed-size units are known as cells. Each cell includes 53 octets or bytes, as shown in the figure. The first 5 bytes contain cell-header data, and the remaining 48 include the payload (user information).Small, fixed-length cells are well appropriated to transfer voice and video traffic due to such traffic is biased to delays that result from having to wait for a huge data packet to download, among other things.HeaderPayload5 Bytes48 BytesATM Cell FormatAn ATM cell header can be two formats, such as User Network Interface (UNI) or Network to Network Interface (NNI). The UNI header can ... Read More