Digital Modulation is the process of converting between bits and signals.Transmission MechanismsThe various modulation schemes result in various transmission mechanisms which are as follows −Baseband transmission.Passband transmission.Multiplexing TechniquesSharing of a transmission channel by various signals is called multiplexing. The different multiplexing techniques are as follows −Time division multiplexing.Frequency division multiplexing.Code division multiplexing.Now, let us discuss one of the digital modulation schemes.Passband TransmissionPassband transmission is the transmission after shifting the baseband frequencies to some higher frequency range using modulation. It is used for long distances.Steps for Passband TransmissionLet us understand the Passband transmission step by step.Step 1 − Generally, we want ... Read More

Digital Modulation is the process of converting between bits and signals.Transmission MechanismsThe various modulation schemes result in various transmission mechanisms which are as follows −Baseband transmission.Passband transmission.Multiplexing TechniquesSharing of a transmission channel by various signals is called multiplexing. The different multiplexing techniques are as follows −Time division multiplexing.Frequency division multiplexing.Code division multiplexing.Now, let us discuss one of the digital modulation schemes.Baseband TransmissionBaseband transmission is transmission of the encoded signal using its own baseband frequencies i.e. without any shift to higher frequency ranges. It is used for short distances.Steps in Baseband TransmissionLet us understand the baseband transmission step by step.Step 1 ... Read More

Digital wireless communication is not a new idea. Earlier, Morse code implemented the wireless network. Now-a-days, the modern digital systems use wireless systems of the same idea as Morse code as implemented but with better performance.Categories of Wireless NetworksWireless Networks are divided into three categories as explained below −System InterconnectionIt is all about interconnecting the components of a computer using short-range radio. Some companies together design a short-range wireless network called Bluetooth to connect various components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer etc, without wires.In simplest form, system interconnection networks use the master-slave concept. The system unit is normally the master. ... Read More

Topology refers to the arrangement of computer networks. Topology is divided into either physical or logical arrangement. Physical topology refers to the way the computers are connected with each other on a network. Logical topology means the way data is flowing from one computer to another computer.Now, let see the basic definition of computer network topology, it is the schematic description of network arrangements that are connected through various nodes with the help of lines of connection.Types of Network TopologyThe different types of network topology are as follows −Bus topologyRing topologySTAR topologyMESH topologyTREE topologyHybrid TopologyLet us understand the concept of ... Read More

Transmitting the data in the form of packets over the internet is called casting.Types of CastingsThe different types of casting are as follows −Unicast − Transmitting data from one host to another host (one-one)Broad cast − Transmitting data from one host to many host (one-all)Multicast − Transmitting data from one host to a particular group of host (one-many).Let us see each casting type in detail −UnicastTransmitting data from one source host to one destination host is called a unicast. It is called as a one to one transmission.For example − source Host IP Address 192.168.20.1 sending data to destination Host ... Read More

Computer network is a group of computers or nodes that are linked to each other to share information and resources. Whereas, IP addresses are generally represented by a 32-bit unsigned binary value. It is represented in a dotted decimal format.For example, 9.250.7.5 is a valid IP address.The IP address consists of a pair of numbers −IP address = Let see the pictorial representation of two hosts that are communicated with the help of Network and IP address.ExplanationStep 1 − The service that is used to convert the Domain name to IP address is called Domain Name Service.Step 2 − The ... Read More

IP addresses are generally represented by a 32-bit unsigned binary value. It is represented in a dotted decimal format. For example, 9.250.7.5 is a valid IP address.The IP address consists of a pair of numbers −IP address = Class-based IP addressesThe first bits of the IP address specify how the rest of the address should be separated into its network and host part. This IP address consists of network ID and Host ID.Classes of IP addressThere are 5 classes of IP address in computer network, which are as follows −Class AClass BClass CClass DClass EThe numbers of IP addresses possible ... Read More

Topology refers to the arrangement of computer networks. Topology is divided into either physical or logical arrangement. Physical topology refers to the way the computers are connected with each other on a network. Logical topology means the way data is flowing from one computer to another computer.Now, let see the basic definition of computer network topology, it is the schematic description of network arrangements that are connected through various nodes with the help of lines of connection.Types of Network TopologyThe different types of network topology are as follows −Bus topologyRing topologySTAR topologyMESH topologyTREE topologyHybrid TopologyLet us understand the concept of ... Read More

Bluetooth is a service that helps in sharing data between multiple devices. We communicate with our computers or any other mobile devices with the help of Bluetooth. Also, it allows us to have a conversation without wires. Nowadays, Bluetooth wireless earphones are there that you can use to listen to music and for discussions. The only problem with these Bluetooth devices is that they have their specific range connected with other devices.BluejackingBluejacking works in a similar way to that of Bluetooth. It is used for sending unlicensed messages to the other Bluetooth device. Bluetooth is the shortrange wireless technology for ... Read More

What is Gossip Protocol?Gossip protocol is a computer peer-to-peer communication mechanism or process based on how epidemics spread. To ensure that data is distributed to all group members, several distributed systems use peerto-peer gossip. Since some ad-hoc networks lack a central registry, the only method to disseminate shared data is for each member to pass it on to their neighbors.Because gossip conveys information just like how a virus spreads in a biological community, the phrase "epidemic protocol" is frequently used interchangeably with the gossip protocol.Periodic, paired inter-process interactions are at the heart of the protocol. The amount of data transferred ... Read More