Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to convert a private IP address into a public IP address and also a public IP address into private IP address. We use NAT due to the shortage of IP addresses.IP Version 4 is a 32- bit address and it has almost 4.3 billion IP addresses, but the population of the world is much higher and it is approximately 7.8 billion as of the latest reports of June 2020.Most of them use multiple gadgets and devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, and many more for accessing the internet for various needs. All these devices need ... Read More

Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to convert a private IP address into a public IP address and also a public IP address into private IP address. We use NAT due to the shortage of IP addresses.IP Version 4 is a 32- bit address and it has almost 4.3 billion IP addresses, but the population of the world is much higher and it is approximately 7.8 billion as of the latest reports of June 2020.Most of them use multiple gadgets and devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, and many more for accessing the internet for various needs. All these devices need ... Read More

Before starting the explanation of Network Address Translation let’s recall some key points. That will help you to understand the explanation and working of NAT.Key PointsWe generally have two types of IP address, which are as follows −Private IP addressPublic IP addressPrivate IP address normally used in the LAN (Local area network) side of the Network.Public IP address provided by the ISP is configured in the WAN side of the network.Public IP addresses are always paid, while the private IP address is free.Private IP addresses range as follows −192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (65, 536 IP addresses)172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1, 048, 576 ... Read More

Cellular network is fundamental technology for mobile phones, personal communication systems, wireless networking etc. The technology is planned to replace high power transmitter/receiver systems for cell radio phones. For data transmission, cellular networks use lower capacity, shorter range, and more transmitters.It is not a complete wireless technology because the cellular network refers to a large area of mobile networks that is used for network access.A mobile device is linked to its base station using an air-based interface and also using a physical and link layer protocol.Every base station is connected to the Mobile Switching Centre to help set up a ... Read More

Wireless communications are particularly valuable for mobile applications, so wireless systems are frequently intended to cover enormous regions by parting them into numerous littler cells.This cellular methodology presents numerous challenges, for example, how to evade obstruction, or how to hand-over start with one cell then onto the next, while keeping up great help quality. Inclusion, capacity, obstruction, and range reuse are significant worries of cellular systems.Bandwidth capabilitiesIn a cellular system the bandwidth capabilities, each voice channel utilizes a 30 kHz frequency channel, these frequencies might be reused by a reused design, the framework is FDMA.The general capacity basically originates from ... Read More

Cellular network is fundamental technology for mobile phones, personal communication systems, wireless networking etc. The technology is planned to replace high power transmitter/receiver systems for cell radio phones. For data transmission, cellular networks use lower capacity, shorter range, and more transmitters.It is not a complete wireless technology because the cellular network refers to a large area of mobile networks that is used for network access.A mobile device is linked to its base station using an air-based interface and also using a physical and link layer protocol.Every base station is connected to the Mobile Switching Centre to help set up a ... Read More

Cellular network is fundamental technology for mobile phones, personal communication systems, wireless networking etc. The technology is planned to replace high power transmitter/receiver systems for cell radio phones. For data transmission, cellular networks use lower capacity, shorter range, and more transmitters.EvolutionPrior to the advent of cellular technology, there were few mobile telephone systems in the late 1940s such as car-based telephone systems. The push to talk technique was used here. Later, Mobile Telephone System (MTS) and Improved MTS (IMTS) were introduced to support a larger number of mobile stations.In 1979, the first 1G cellular network was launched in Japan. In ... Read More

Cellular network is a fundamental technology for mobile phones, personal communication systems, wireless networking etc. The technology is planned to replace high power transmitter/receiver systems for cell radio phones. For data transmission, cellular networks use lower capacity, shorter range, and more transmitters.4G cellular network4G is referred as the 4th Generation to the cellular network technology which flourished over 3G. It has the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) Advanced. This comprises IP telephony, Gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video calling, Television in 3D etc.5G cellular network5Gs are the wireless network technologies which includes the millimetre wave bands ... Read More

4G cellular network is the 4th generation of cellular communications.Features of 4G4G cellular network comes up with many features as follows −10x high speed as compared to 3GThe cost is also less for each bit used.It is highly secured too.It comes up with LTE i.e. Long term evaluation which refers to high-speed data connection for mobile devices.Security FeaturesSecurity features of 4G cellular networks are the different types of security measures a 4G network possesses. These security features are explained below −Configuration of security − It is the most beautiful feature of the 4g network that a user can check that ... Read More

Let us begin by understanding what cryptography is.CryptographyIt is a technique of writing in a secret code which is in an unreadable format to the third parties. Plaintext indicates the data which is in the readable format and also which is not encrypted.The plaintext is converted into cipher text which is in the format of unreadable with the help of the encryption and again it is to be converted into plaintext with the help of the decryption. Both the encryption and the decryption are done with the help of the scheme of the cryptography.Functions of cryptographyThe functions of cryptography are ... Read More