Peer-to-Peer NetworkingPeer-to-peer computing, also known as peer-to-peer networking, is a shared application development that separates tasks or peer-to-peer workloads.Peers are participants in the application who have the same opportunity and are similarly capable. They are supposed to create a peer-to-peer node network.A collection of computers is joined together with equal permissions and responsibilities for data processing in peer-topeer (P2P) networking.In contrast to traditional client-server networking, no device in a P2P network is wholly dedicated to serving or receiving data.Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN)The IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA) includes Advanced Peer to-Peer Networking (APPN). It entails protocols that allow computers to ... Read More

End-to-End EncryptionEnd-to-End Encryption (E2EE) is a secure communication method that prevents third-parties from accessing data. At the same time, the data is being transferred from one end of the device to another.In E2EE, data is encrypted in the sender system or device, and only the intended recipient can remove it from encryption.The message will not be read or interrupted by an Internet Service Provider (ISP), application service provider, attacker, or any other organization or service on its way to the destination.Many messaging providers use end-to-end encryption, and some of these providers face controversy over their decision to accept E2EE.The technology ... Read More

DropBoxDropbox is a cloud storage file, synchronization, personal cloud, and client software provided by Dropbox, Inc. Dropbox is an American Corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was created as a start-up company in 2007 by Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi, students from MIT. They work on practically all platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android, and web browsers.The cloud service marketplace is projected to grow in popularity as individuals seek to access their digital information from several locations and devices. DropBox is credited with inventing the storage cloud concept, but it now faces competition.Following are some of the ... Read More

Origin of CryptographyAll great civilizations have strived to send communications in a secure manner. Only the Mesopotamians, ancient Greeks, ancient Chinese, and Spartans utilized encryption to keep their transmissions secret. Though these civilizations utilized advanced cryptography at the time, they were not impenetrable. Throughout the years, cryptography has progressed to a point where our brains are unable to decipher it on their own anymore.As of now, quantum cryptography is the most sophisticated kind of encryption that exists. Although Stephen Wiesner initially proposed it in the 1970s, it was first published in 1983. It's no secret that quantum cryptography is a ... Read More

What is Cache?A cache is a data storage mechanism that allows users to retrieve data or files on computers quickly.Caches can be found in both hardware and software. Caching reduces data access latency by acting as an intermediary between the primary storage appliance and the receiver hardware or software device.A cache provides similar capabilities in both hardware and software. It's a type of internal memory with a tiny form factor that saves instances of the most frequently executed programs in main memory for faster access when the CPU needs them in physical or hardware form.We are all familiar with the ... Read More

What is Cybersecurity?Before we can understand what cybersecurity is and what types of risks and vulnerabilities it contains, we must first comprehend the cyberspace. The term "cyberspace" refers to a collection of communication networks, databases, embedded processors, the internet, and controllers used to exchange electronic documents. Telephone wires, coaxial cables, electromagnetic waves, and fiber-optic connections create a global network environment.Though cyberspace and the Internet are sometimes used interchangeably, the Internet is actually a part of cyberspace. To put it another way, cyberspace is a networked Internet environment.Cyber-security can be defined as the process of defending cyberspace from assault, abuse, harm, ... Read More

What is Subnetting?Subnetting is a process of separating a single physical network into several logical subnetworks (subnets).A network segment and a host segment make up an IP address subnets formed by extracting bits from an IP address's host component and establishing several smaller sub-networks within a more extensive network.Subnetting enables a business to expand its network without securing a new network number from its Internet Service Provider (ISP). Subnetting reduces network traffic while also hiding network complexity.Subnetting is required when a single network number must be distributed across multiple parts of a local area network.Subnets were created to alleviate the ... Read More

Classical CryptographyClassical cryptography employs a number of mathematical approaches to prevent eavesdroppers from learning the contents of encrypted transmissions. The most widely used and widely embraced among them are given below. Throughout the article, the transmitter is referred to as 'Alice, ' the receiver is referred to as 'Bob, ' and an eavesdropper is referred to as 'Eve.'Quantum CryptographyIt is a kind of cryptography that uses "quantum mechanics". The creation of a quantum channel necessitates the use of polarising filters at both the transmitter and receiver ends. As a result, at the transmitter end, we can send pictures with a ... Read More

Classful AddressThe first addressing system to be implemented as part of the Internet Protocol was Classful Addressing. In the year 1981, the Classful addressing network architecture was first used on the Internet. The Classful addressing system was superseded by a Classless addressing scheme with the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993.The IP address comprises up of 32 bits and is split into four sections separated by dots: part 1, part 2, part 3, and part 4.The IP address is made up of four parts, each of which is eight bits long (1 byte).Further, the 4 parts of the ... Read More

Layered ArchitectureA layered architecture splits a system into many groups, each of which contains code that addresses a specific issue area, and these groups are referred to as layers.The majority of enterprise-level apps have a three-layer high-level application architecture.The Presentation layerThe Business layerThe Persistence layerWhat is a Callback?A callback, sometimes known as a "call-after" function in computer programming, is any executable code that is supplied as an argument to other code, with the expectation that the other code will call back (execute) the input at a specific time. This execution can take place at once, as in a synchronous callback, ... Read More