The Vector class has been a part of the Java collection system since Java version 1.2. Vectors are sometimes known as Dynamic Arrays because, unlike ordinary arrays, they can expand and contract in size. Ensuring thread-safety, Vectors are synchronized. While there exists a third approach that involves using Apache Commons to iterate through the vector in reverse, this method necessitates the downloading of additional jar files and packages, which is not widely supported by most systems. Essentially, there are only two primary methods to traverse through vector elements in reverse order. Methods Used There are two methods used here − ... Read More

The Reflection API in Java allows you to dynamically call any method using its string name. When using the java.lang.reflect API, you can load classes by name even if they aren't accessible at compile time thanks to reflection's robust mechanism. It empowers you to dynamically invoke any method using reflection and makes it possible you to retrieve all methods from a class, including private and public ones. Those who are unfamiliar with Java might find this idea strange. With no explicit code for calling the method during compilation, Java can execute a method when its name is provided as a ... Read More

With the help of the AbstractMap Class, Java's TreeMap implements the Map interface and NavigableMap. This map is sorted using either the keys' inherent ordering or a Comparator that was provided when the map was created. When working with a TreeMap in Java, the objective is to iterate via its elements. However, due to TreeMap not being a Collection, we cannot directly iterate over it using iterators. Methods Used To iterate through a TreeMap in Java, we need to utilize the TreeMap.entrySet() method. This function gives back a collection-view (SetMap.Entry>) of all the mappings that were saved in the TreeMap. ... Read More

(Key, Value) pairs are used to store data in Java HashMap collections. Although it is unsynchronized, it is comparable to HashTable. As a result, a HashMap can be accessed by numerous threads without encountering any troubles. Despite the fact that HashMap allows for the storage of null keys as well, there can most effective be one null key object and an infinite wide variety of null values. regarding the order of the map, this class gives no guarantees. To index the value, the key is utilised. We can store unique keys with HashMap. If we try to insert one, the ... Read More

The Java HashSet class employs a hash table internally to implement the Set interface, which uses a HashMap instance. The class does not guarantee that the items will remain the same over time because the iteration order of the factors within the hash set is not always guaranteed. Null elements may be included in this class. The hash function provides efficient performance for fundamental operations like add, delete, contains, and size, assuming it effectively distributes the elements through the buckets. The Set interface is implemented by HashSet, which extends AbstractSet. It creates a collection using the hashing technique and saves ... Read More

A data structure known as a 2D list or list of lists can be utilised for saving a collection of data in a two-dimensional format. A row in the 2D list is represented by each inner list in this list of lists. A 2D list could be utilised, for instance, to store the data for a chessboard, where every component in the list corresponds to a single square on the board. Methods Used A 2D list can be iterated in one of the two methods that follow − Using Loops Using iterator Method 1: Employing Loops There are ... Read More

The LinkedHashMap serves the purpose of maintaining the precise order of element addition. It elucidates the method for accessing elements in the sequence they were inserted. In addition to storing values based on their keys, the LinkedHashMap class expands upon the functionalities of the Hash Map class and implements the Map interface. It exclusively accommodates unique elements or mappings. It affords us the flexibility to utilize various data types, such as text, float, integer, etc., for assigning keys and values. By initially reversing the elements, we can alter the order of elements in the linked hash map. Subsequently, we can ... Read More

Spring is a highly popular framework within the Java EE ecosystem. It is an open-source and lightweight framework that empowers Java developers to build reliable, scalable, and simplified business applications. The primary goal of this framework is to offer you a variety of tools for managing your business items. In contrast to conventional Java frameworks and APIs such as JSP, JDBC and Java Servlet, developing web applications is far simpler. In Spring, objects—primarily those controlled by the Spring IoC Container. It plays a significant role in the application. A Bean is nothing more than an object that a Spring Ioc ... Read More

Java programmers may create, edit, and display MS Office files using the widely used Apache POI API. Through its classes and methods, this open-source library developed by the Apache Software Foundation provides a variety of functions for turning user input data or files into Microsoft Office documents. Apache POI's versatility and reliability have made it a popular option among developers worldwide. Its broad capability and smooth integration make it an invaluable asset for any project needing MS Office file handling. The API's continuous updates and active community guarantee that it is always up to date with the newest file format ... Read More

In Java, a class is a fundamental component of object-oriented programming. It serves as a blueprint or template for defining the structure and behavior of objects. A class contains both data, represented by fields or variables, and behaviors, represented by methods or functions, which manipulate that data. In Java, a custom class is a user-defined class that allows you to create objects with specific properties and behaviors tailored to your application's requirements. It serves as a blueprint or template for creating objects of that class type. Custom classes encapsulate related data and operations into a single entity, promoting code organization, ... Read More