Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that creates plain text in blocks of 64 bits and transform them to ciphertext utilizing keys of 48 bits. It is a symmetric key algorithm, which defines that the similar key is used for encrypting and decrypting information.The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher invented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In 1973, NIST invented a request for suggestion for a national symmetric-key cryptosystem.A scheme from IBM, a modification of a project known as Lucifer, and was approved as DES. DES was invented in the ... Read More

Key management define as managing cryptographic keys within a cryptosystem. It can manage with generating, exchanging, saving, using and replacing keys as required at the user level.A key management system will also contains key servers, user process and protocols, including cryptographic protocol design. The security of the cryptosystem is based upon successful key management.Cryptographic keys play an essential role in protecting sensitive data, avoiding data breaches, and understanding with regulations. Unfortunately, a lost or stolen key can lead to costly losses of systems and information, which is each security-aware company should provide strong key management protocols.Encryption key management is a ... Read More

Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that creates plain text in blocks of 64 bits and transform them to ciphertext using keys of 48 bits. It is a symmetric key algorithm, which defines that the similar key can be used for encrypting and decrypting information.The encryption phase is create of two permutations (P-boxes), which it can define initial and final permutations, and 16 Feistel rounds. Each round need a particular 48- bit round key created from the cipher key in accordance with a definite algorithm.The elements of DES cipher at the encryption site is as follows −Initial ... Read More

An encryption key is a random string of bits produced explicitly for scrambling and unscrambling information. Encryption keys are designed with algorithms designed to provide that each key is unpredictable and unique.In cryptography, an encryption key is a string of characters used in consolidation with an algorithm to change plaintext (unencrypted information) into ciphertext (encrypted information) and vice versa for decryption algorithms.It can change data so that it occurs random and “locks” it so that only the corresponding key can decrypt it. Keys can also define transformations in other algorithms, including digital signature schemes and message authentication codes. An encryption ... Read More

Encryption is the procedure of changing plain text into ciphertext, i.e., changing the text from readable format to non-readable format to protect the conversation among two parties or from the unauthorized person.A private key can be used to fastly encrypt the plain text. There are several techniques and algorithms have been produced to encrypt the encryption. For instance, substitution techniques, transposition techniques, MD5 algorithm, SHA algorithm, IDEA algorithm, etc.Data encryption is an approach of securing information confidentiality by converting it to encoded information, known as ciphertext. It can only be decoded with a unique decryption key, produced either at the ... Read More

In DES, it is a symmetric-key block cipher introduced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). DES was introduced as FIPS 46 in the Federal Register in January 1977.NIST can represent DES as the standard for use in unclassified software. DES has been the most broadly used symmetric-key block cipher because its publication. NIST later issued a new standard (FIPS 46-3) that confirm the use of triple DES (repeated DES cipher three times) for future software.The DES has a 64-bit block size and need a 56-bit key during implementation (8 parity bits are deprived off from the complete ... Read More

There are some techniques of Data Encryption are as follows −DES − DES stands for Data Encryption Standard. The Data Encryption Standards (DES) algorithm was invented by IBM in the early 1970s. It accepts the plaintext in 64-bit blocks and transform it into the ciphertext that need the 64-bit keys to encrypt the information. The algorithm need the same key to encrypt and decrypt the information.DES is a symmetric key algorithm can encrypt digital data. Its short key length of 56 bits renders DES too insecure to secure most current applications that is based on encryption.Triple DES − Triple DES ... Read More

ConfusionConfusion defines making the relationship between the key and the cipher as difficult and as included as possible. In other words, the technique provides that the ciphertext provides no clue about the plaintext.In this regard, the relationship between the data of the cipher text and the value of the encryption has to remain as difficult as applicable. It is completed by spreading out the single plaintext digit over several Ciphertext digits, including when a single bit of the plaintext is changed.In confusion, it should influence the complete cipher text or change should appear on the complete cipher text and the ... Read More

Confusion defines that the key does not associate in a simple method to the ciphertext. In specific, each character of the ciphertext should be based on several elements of the key.In confusion, the relationship between the data of the ciphertext and the value of the encryption key is made difficult. It is completed by substitution.For example, suppose that it can have a Hill cipher with an n x n matrix, and suppose that it can have a plaintext-ciphertext pair of length n2 with which it is able to solve for the encryption matrix.If it can change one character of the ... Read More

Password salting is a form of password encryption that includes appending a password to a given username and thus hashing the new string of characters. This is generally done through an MD5 hashing algorithm.Password-salting is generally found within Linux operating systems, and it is usually considered a more secure password encryption model than some models used within the several Microsoft distributions.When a username has been produced, the user generally creates a password to associate with this username. After the user has submitted the password to the salt-allowed system, the system add the password to the username. Therefore, the new string ... Read More