There are various security services which are as follows −Message Confidentiality − The principle of confidentiality defines that only the sender and the intended recipient should be capable to create the element of the message. It protects the transmitted data from passive attack.Confidentiality can be used at several levels on the basis of content of an information to be transmitted. There are the following types of confidentiality which are as follows −Connection Confidentiality − The protection of all user information on a connection.Connectionless Confidentiality − The security of all user data in an individual data block.Traffic-flow Confidentiality − The protection ... Read More

A true random number generator (TRNG) uses a nondeterministic source to make randomness. Most function by measuring unpredictable natural processes, including pulse detectors of ionizing radiation activities, gas discharge tubes, and leaky capacitors.Intel has developed a commercially accessible chip that samples thermal noise by developing the voltage measured across undriven resistors. TRNG generates a true random number and is produced generally by hardware method.Because the random number produced by TRNG is complex to predict because TRNG is generated based on a physical source that is complex to forecast a random value. Hence, the random number produced from TRNG is a ... Read More

A Feistel cipher is a cryptographic approach used in the construction of block cipherbased algorithms and structure. A Feistel network implements a sequence of iterative ciphers on a block of information and is frequently designed for block ciphers that encrypt huge quantities of data.A Feistel network operates by splitting the data block into two same pieces and using encryption in multiple rounds. Each round implements permutation and sequence derived from the primary function or key. The number of rounds change for each cipher that implements a Feistel network.A Feistel cipher is a multi-round cipher that divides the current private state ... Read More

Stream CipherA stream cipher is one that encrypts a digital data flow one bit or one byte at a time. Stream Cipher generally encrypts one byte of the message at that moment rather than using blocks.For example, classical stream ciphers are the auto crucial Vigenère cipher and the Vernam cipher. In the conceptual case, a one-time pad version of the Vernam cipher can be used, in which the key stream is considering the plaintext bit stream.If the cryptographic key stream is arbitrary, therefore this cipher is unbreakable by some different means other than realizing the key stream. However, the key ... Read More

A cryptosystem is also called a cypher system. It implements cryptographic techniques using several cryptographic components including plain text, encryption algorithm, cypher text, decryption algorithm, and encryption key to support information security services.A cryptosystem is a set of algorithms such as one for the encryption of data and another for decryption. In these algorithms, it can use a unique key that must be kept secret, and in which case the process for making and sharing the key is also considered an element of the cryptosystem.Cryptanalytic attacks based on the feature of the algorithm added possibly some knowledge of the general ... Read More

A symmetric cipher is one that uses the similar key for encryption and decryption. The use of a symmetric cipher presents the well-known challenge of how to share the secret key between the parties fast, as an unauthorized party to the communication can prevent it and eavesdrop on future communication.There are various principles of Symmetric Cipher which are as follows −Plaintext − This is the authentic intelligible message or information that is full into the algorithm as input.Encryption algorithm − The encryption algorithm implements several substitutions and conversion on the plaintext.Secret key − The secret key is also input to ... Read More

AuthenticationAuthentication is the procedure of providing that an individual is the person that they claim to be. This contains matching a person’s claimed identity asserted through a credential (such as an ID card or unique ID number) against one or more authentication factors that are destined to that credential.Authentication is about validating the credentials such as User Name/User ID and password to verify the identity. The system decides whether it can what it can say and it is using the credentials.In public and private networks, the system authenticates the user identity through login passwords. Authentication is usually completed by a ... Read More

Authorization is the procedure of permitting someone to do something. It defines it an approach to check if the user has permission to need a resource or not. It can represent that what data and information one user can access.It is also called as AuthZ. The authorization generally works with authentication so that the system can understand who is accessing the information. Authorization is a security structure used to decide user/client privileges or access levels associated with system resources, such as computer programs, files, services, data and application features.Authorization is generally preceded by authentication for customer identity verification. System administrators ... Read More

There are various types of cryptosystem which are as follows −Private Key cryptosystems − Symmetric encryption is also known as private-key encryption or secret-key encryption. It contains using the similar key for encryption and decryption. Encryption contains using an operation (an algorithm) to the data to be encrypted using the private key to create them meaningless.The main disadvantage of a secret-key cryptosystem is associated to the exchange of keys. Symmetric encryption depends on the swap of a secret (keys).Public-key cryptosystems − Public-key cryptosystems is also known as asymmetric cryptography. It is a type of cryptographic algorithms which needed two separate ... Read More

Authentication is the procedure which enables a sender and receiver of data to certify each other. If the sender and receiver of data cannot properly authenticate each other, there is no trust in the activities or data supported by either party.Authentication can include largely difficult and secure approach or can be very simple. The easiest form of authentication is the transmission of a shared password among entities wanting to authenticate each other.Authentication defines allowing the network to only receive the authorized users to have access to its resources. It provides the method where the claimed identifier is tested by the ... Read More