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C++ Articles
Page 278 of 597
Set vs Map in C++ STL
Set is an abstract data type in which each element has to be unique because the value of the element identifies it. The value of the element cannot be modified once it is added to the set, but it is possible to remove and add the modified value of that element.A Map is an associative container that store elements in a mapped fashion. Each element has a key value and a mapped value. No two mapped values can have the same key values.So, it is clear from above that, set contains the only key, and map contains a value with ...
Read MoreSorting in C++
In this section we will see how to perform sorting algorithm in C++. A sorted array is an array in which each of the elements are sorted in some order such as numerical, alphabetical etc. There are many algorithms to sort a numerical array such as bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, quick sort, heap sort etc. More details about sorting the array using selection sort are given below.The selection sort is a sorting method that yields a sorted array. It does so by repeatedly finding the smallest element in the array and interchanging it with the element ...
Read MoreC++ Program for Inorder Tree Traversal without Recursion
If a binary tree is traversed in-order, the left subtree is visited first, then the root and later the right sub-tree. The output the key in ascending order in in_order traversal. This is a C++ Program for Inorder Tree Traversal without Recursion.AlgorithmBegin Function inOrder(): Declare a stack s. Declare the current node as root. While current node is not null and stack is not empty do While current node is not null do Push the current node on the ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Check Whether an Input Binary Tree is the Sub Tree of the Binary Tree
A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are defined as left child and right child.AlgorithmBegin function identical(): Take two nodes r1 and r2 as parameter. If r1 and r2 is NULL then Return true. If r1 or r2 is NULL then Return false. Return (r1->d is equal to r2->d and Call function Identical(r1->l, r2->l) and Call functions Identical(r1->r, r2->r) ); ...
Read MorePrecedence of postfix ++ and prefix ++ in C/C++
Here we will see the precedence of postfix++ and prefix++ in C or C++. The precedence of prefix ++ or -- has higher priority than dereference operator ‘*’ and postfix ++ or -- has priority higher than both prefix ++ and dereference operator ‘*’.When ptr is a pointer, then *ptr++ indicates *(ptr++) and ++*prt refers ++(*ptr)Example#include using namespace std; int main() { char arr[] = "Hello World"; char *ptr = arr; ++*ptr; cout
Read MoreC++ Program to Construct an Expression Tree for a Postfix Expression
An expression tree is basically a binary tree which is used to represent expressions. In expression tree, nodes correspond to the operator and each leaf node corresponds to the operand. This is a C++ program to construct an expression tree for a postfix Expression in inorder, preorder and postorder traversals.AlgorithmBegin Function r() has a character variable as parameter. If the characters are + or - or * or / then Return will be -1 If the characters are from A to Z then Return will ...
Read MoreComplex numbers in C++
In this section we will see how to create and use complex numbers in C++. We can create complex number class in C++, that can hold the real and imaginary part of the complex number as member elements. There will be some member functions that are used to handle this class.In this example we are creating one complex type class, a function to display the complex number into correct format. Two additional methods to add and subtract two complex numbers etc.Example#include using namespace std; class complex { int real, img; public: complex() { ...
Read MoreHow do I add two numbers without using ++ or + or any other arithmetic operator in C/C++?
In this article we will see how to add two numbers without using arithmetic operators like +, ++, -, or --.To solve this problem, we can solve them using binary adder logic. In that case we were designed half adder and full adder. These adders can add one bit binary numbers. By cascading multiple adders, we have can create circuit to add bigger numbers.In that adder, we have performed XOR operation among the numbers, then for the carry we were performing the ANDing logic. These features are implemented here to add two numbers.Example Code#include using namespace std; int add(int ...
Read MoreWhat uses are there for “placement new” in C++?
In this section we will see what is the placement new operator in C++. This placement new is another variation of new operator. The normal new operator performs two things. It allocates memory, and then constructs an object in allocated memory.The new operator allocates memory in the heap section and constructs objects there. But for the placement new operator, it constructs object at the given address. To deallocate memory, we can use delete keyword if the memory is allocated using new operator. But for placement new there is no placement delete feature.So in a nutshell, placement new allows you to ...
Read MoreCalling virtual functions inside constructors in C++
Virtual functions calling from a constructor or destructor is dangerous and should be avoided whenever possible as the virtual function we call is called from the Base class and not from the derived class.The reason is that in C++ Super-classes are constructed before derived classes. So, in the following example, as B must be instantiated, before D is instantiated. When B's constructor is called, it's not D yet, so the virtual function table still has the entry for B's copy of s().Example Code#include using namespace std; class B { public: B() { s(); } virtual void s() { cout
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