Introduction In graph theory, nodes and edges form the fundamental units of connected structures. They are widely used to represent a broad range of relationships and connections between different entities. In this article, we will dive into an interesting problem involving counting graphs formed by changing the color of red-colored nodes with black parent nodes in C++. We will explain the concept behind graph coloring, introduce an algorithmic approach to solve this problem, and provide a detailed C++ code implementation that we can use. Count of graphs formed by changing color Graph coloring is a concept that involves assigning colors ... Read More

Introduction In the world of programming, arrays play a fundamental role and are extensively used in various applications. Often, while working with large arrays, we come across situations where we need to determine to which array each element in each set of queries belongs. In this article, we will explore an efficient approach using C++ to find the corresponding array for each query along with the count of elements. The task at hand is to identify which array each query element belongs to and generate a count for those specific arrays. Find the array to which each element in given ... Read More

Introduction In the area of programming and data structures, binary trees are widely used to store and retrieve data efficiently. In this article, we will explore the concept of constructing a prime binary tree from a given non-cyclic graph consisting of N indices using C++ code. The Binary tree can be constructed from the non-cyclic graph and the types of this graph are tree, directed acyclic graph and some more. A prime tree comes under the division of binary tree which returns the prime number by appending the two consecutive edges of the graph. Construct a Prime Binary Tree from ... Read More

Introduction In graph theory, a Hamiltonian path is a sequence of vertices that visits each vertex exactly once, with no repeated edges. It is named after Sir William Rowan Hamilton, an Irish mathematician who contributed significantly to various fields, including graph theory. In this article, we will dive deep into understanding and counting all possible Hamiltonian paths within a directed graph using C++ programming. Now, it's up to us to apply these principles and unlock the secrets concealed within different types of directed graphs. Count all Hamiltonian paths in a given directed graph A directed graph consists of a set ... Read More

In this problem, we need to construct the original string from the given string. The given string is formed from the original string using the given rules. Here, we can use the given encryption rule and encrypted string to find the decrypted string by applying the encryption rule in reverse order. Problem statement – We have given a binary string bin_str of length N and positive integer k. The binary string is constructed from the ‘enc’ string by following the below operations and using the x value. If enci-k is equal to 1, bin_stri is equal to 1. If ... Read More

Introduction In the area of graph theory, unweighted bidirectional graphs form a fundamental framework for modeling various real-world scenarios. These graphs allow us to explore relationships between different entities, such as road networks or social connections. One key aspect that captures our attention is finding paths between two nodes and determining their respective lengths. In this article, we dive into one interesting facet of this topic – understanding the distinction between the shortest path and second shortest path in an unweighted bidirectional graph. Shortest and second shortest path Unweighted bidirectional (or undirected) graphs consist of vertices or nodes connected by ... Read More

In this problem, we will find a minimum number of string characters needed to be replaced to make all characters. In the first approach, we will find the minimum count of the replaceable characters by counting the frequency of each character in the given string. In another approach, we will determine the cost to convert all string characters to a particular character and take the minimum value from that. Problem statement – We have given a string alpha containing N alphabetical characters. We need to find the minimum number of characters to replace to make all string characters equal. Sample ... Read More

In this problem, we need to construct one string by slicing the other string. We can use the longest common substring to solve the problem. We can find the longest common substring between both strings, slice str1 into 1 or 2 parts, and remove the substring from str2. Again, we find the longest common substring in updated strings and follow it until str2 becomes empty. In this way, we can solve the problem. Problem statement – We have given str1 and str2 strings of different lengths. We need to construct the string str2 by slicing and concatenating the parts of ... Read More

Introduction In computer programming, solving problems often requires us to manipulate strings effectively while accounting for their diversity. One interesting challenge is to determine the count of distinct groups that can be formed after performing equivalent operations on a given set of strings. In this article, we will explore an efficient approach using C++ code to tackle this problem and unlock new possibilities. By employing key algorithmic steps such as group identification, formation, and computation, programmers can effectively tackle challenges related to manipulating diverse sets of strings while maintaining their unique properties. Count of distinct groups of strings formed after ... Read More

In this problem, we will find the lexicographically smallest string by concatenating the given string’s prefix and its reverse. We can find the lexicographically smallest prefix of the string and get the required string. Problem statement – We have given a string alpha containing the alphabetical characters. We need to construct the lexicographically smallest string, which we can get by concatenating any string prefix with its reverse. Sample examples Input alpha = "welcome"; Output 'wewe’ Explanation – The lexicographically smallest prefix is ‘we’. So, we have concatenated it with its mirror. Input alpha = "tutorialspoint" ... Read More