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Introduction Every matter in the universe is composed of tiny particles called molecules. They attract each other with some attractive force. There exists an intermolecular force of attraction between molecules. Likewise, the electromagnetic force is the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles. Magnetic force is part of the electromagnetic force. What are magnets? Magnets are materials that are having a magnetic field around it. Some materials get magnetized by giving magnetic fields. This is known as magnetism. All magnets cannot have the same material. The materials used for magnets are of three types such as diamagnetic materials, ... Read More
Introduction If the position of any object changes relative to the time it is said to be in motion. Motion of any object that happens in three ways like one-dimensional motion, two-dimensional motion, and three-dimensional motion. Movement of a train on a straight track, circular motion of the top are some examples for motion. This motion of particles is best described by the law of mechanics. Three laws were proposed for the understanding of the movement of an object. When there is a motion then there will be a displacement. In this tutorial, we are going to discuss the topic ... Read More
Introduction Aeroplanes, space rockets, and model rockets project through the atmosphere by employing concepts of mechanics. These types of machinery contain advanced propulsion systems that generate power and thrust to project the aircraft. The power inside these aircraft is generated by burning fuel or by combustion. The substance that acts as fuel combines with an oxidizer to form chemical products. These newly generated chemical substances are known as exhaust. When the exhaust is produced energy is generated in the form of heat. To start combustion a source of heat is required. Therefore, heat is not only required to initiate a ... Read More
Introduction If the position of any object changes relative to the time it is said to be in motion. The motion of any object happens in three ways like one-dimensional motion, two-dimensional motion, and three-dimensional motion. The movement of a train on a straight track, and the circular motion of the top are some examples of motion. This motion of particles is best described by the law of mechanics. Three laws were proposed for the understanding of the movement of an object. When there is a motion then there will be a displacement. What is motion? If the particle moves ... Read More
Introduction The idea of charge represented by Q in an electric field E and an external source of power V is the context set in this tutorial. The effect of the external power on the charge, its relation with electrical field E, and the result of these experiments are worth considering. The charge acquires potential energy as it tries to remain in a position in the electric field. We are interested in the potential energy of the charge in such a field. What Is Potential Energy? The word potential indicates a stored form of something. A compressed spring has ... Read More
Introduction Combustion is a chemical phenomenon that generates heat when a material reacts fast with 𝑂2. The starting substance is known as the fuel, while the 𝑂2 flow is referred to as the oxidizer. The fuel can be solid, gaseous, or liquid, although, for aeroplane propulsion, the liquid is most usually used. The oxidizer can also be a liquid/vapour/solid, though it's usually gas in planes. In model rockets, solid fuel along with oxidizers are used. Heat Produced On Combustion of Fuels The heat value of a fuel is the heat energy emitted during combustion. The heat value of fuel also ... Read More
Introduction Titration or titrimetry is an analytical method that is used for the detection of an unknown amount of concentration of the unknown analyte. It is a volume measurement so it is also called a volumetric method. A standard solution of a reagent or titrant is prepared and it will then react with the analyte to obtain its concentration. The volume in which the reagent or titrant reacted is called the titrant volume. There are various titrimetry methods. Complexometric titration is one among them. It is a titration in which the formation of a colored coordination complex is indicated as ... Read More
Introduction John Mayow, the English physician of 1674 discovered that air is not a single element, it is a mixture of different kinds of gases. The discovery made by scientists is wide to get a clear idea about the composition of air. Joseph Priestley, a chemist 1774 discovered the presence of Oxygen in the air. Joseph Black, a chemist of 1750 discovered the presence of Carbon dioxide in the air. Noxious air, now known as Nitrogen gas, was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772. Henry Cavendish in 1785 was not satisfied with the components present in the air since 0.7% ... Read More
Introduction Boron has been widely employed in a variety of sectors as well as applications, ranging from automotive, as well as healthcare to construction, including aerospace, as a wonder element with extraordinary physical qualities. Its importance in innovative food security, and energy solutions, for decarbonization, is becoming more widely acknowledged. Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B as well as the atomic no. 5. At normal temperature, boron is a metalloid in its solid state. Amorphous metalloids are brown powders, whereas crystalline metalloids are dark brittle metalloids. Boron can form covalent bonds because it has 3 valence electrons, ... Read More
Introduction Benjamin Franklin during his experiments found that metals can conduct electricity through the lightning experiment. The concept of electrical potential was discovered by Alessandro Volta. The measure of the ability of metals to conduct electricity was put forward by the scientist Georg Simon Ohm. The development in the field of conductors made several advancements in the science field. The conductors are the materials that can conduct electricity and heat by the transfer of these energies from one atom to another. In electrical conductors, the charge carriers such as ions and electrons present in the material will conduct electricity by ... Read More