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Introduction In any business or research activity, a large number of data is produced, which becomes difficult to analyse. In this direction, a statistical process, sampling, is useful to analyse the entire population. However, in doing so, some error arises due to various reasons. For accurate data analysis, one must know about sampling and the various types of error associated with it. In this tutorial, we will discuss sampling, sampling errors, a basic formula, properties, and ways to minimize sampling error with solved examples. Sampling In statistics, sampling is defined as the process of selection of specific data from a ... Read More
The sum of the series is the value of all terms in the given series added together in a particular pattern. Here given pattern is in the form of the: ∑ (n*(n+1)*(n+2)) as (n*(n+1)*(n+2)) is the last term in the given pattern. The following article discusses 3 approaches in detail to find the given sum of the series with different time and space complexities. Problem Statement Now, let us see how to calculate the sum of series 1*2*3 + 2*3*4 + 3*4*5 + . . . + n*(n+1)*(n+2). Sample Examples Let’s try to understand this problem with the help ... Read More
Substrings are the subsets or sequences of contiguous characters of a string. Now, in this problem, we need to find the number of substrings with the frequency of at most one character as odd. Let us see how we should proceed to solve this problem. Let’s try to understand this problem with the help of some examples. Input s = “ksjssjkk” Output 21 Explanation − As the frequency of the characters in the given string is given below− k → 3 s → 3 j → 2 Now, substrings with ... Read More
A numerical string is used to store a value of a number if we want to store a huge valued integer. As we know, we can not store a number greater than 32 bits in the computer with its datatype as int. So to avoid the overflowing condition, in this problem, we will take a numerical string as our input rather than an int variable so that we can work this problem on a larger scale of numbers. Problem Statement Now, in this problem, we need to find the following number by adding natural numbers in order on alternating indices ... Read More
There are 26 total different alphabets exist in the English language. If we want to change the alphabet characters into numerical values then we need to assign the alphabet, values between 1 to 26 only. Now, in this problem, we need to Maximize the String value by assigning values in the range [1, 26] to each character. Let us see how we should proceed to solve this problem. Let’s try to understand this problem with the help of some examples. Input s = “blpsBpPtT” Output 221 Explanation Here, in this ... Read More
Concatenation is an operator which is used to join one or more than one string to originate a new string which would be a combination of strings that were used to generate it with the help of concatenation. In the following article, we will take the uppercase letters only in the input string. Concatenation is an operator which is used to join one or more than one string to originate a new string which would be a combination of strings that were used to generate it with the help of concatenation. In the following article, we will take the uppercase ... Read More
Introduction Diffusion and concentration process are fascinating phenomenon in the science field. It is a visible process in the physical world. The study of diffusion processes started in the 19th century. The spreading of the fragrance of flowers is the best-known example of this process. This process involves the random movement of substances such as atoms, ions, molecules, etc. from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration. It always requires a concentration gradient that is a difference in concentration. The number of particles present in the total volume or a given volume is the concentration. For a ... Read More
Introduction Diffusion rate shows how fast the process of diffusion take place. The net migration of particles from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration is referred to as diffusion, which is a physical phenomenon. Diffusing substances might be solids, liquids, or gases. Similar to this, any of the three physical states could potentially be present in the medium where diffusion takes place. The airborne movement of ammonia gas serves as an illustration of this. Similar to how nitrogen gas would swiftly diffuse into the atmosphere if a liquid nitrogen canister had a small leak. ... Read More
Introduction Dimension of area place an important role in the measurement process. Measurement is the most valuable part of science. Also, it is most important for living too. Measurement plays a crucial role in our lives. It is the foundation for all technological development. The accuracy of measurement is more important in science. Metrology is the comparison of any physical quantity with its standard quantity. The measurement method is essentially to measure a quantity, it is always compared to a standard quantity. A unit is defined as a physical quantity having a definite numerical value accepted by a rule or ... Read More
Introduction Direct current generator produces electric current by the process of electromagnetic induction. The electromagnetic force gives rise to the electromagnetic field. In an electromagnetic field, the electric field and the magnetic field are intertwined. Electromagnetic force determines electromagnetic phenomena. Electromagnetic force is the interaction between charged particles. Lorentz's force is also known as the electromagnetic force. The electromotive force refers to the amount of work required by a battery pack to move charged particles through an electrical circuit. An electromagnetic field is a natural field caused by the motion of an object which is electrically charged. It affects ... Read More