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Python has built-in file creation, writing, and reading capabilities. In Python, there are two sorts of files that can be handled: text files and binary files (written in binary language, 0s, and 1s). While you can create files, you may delete them when you no longer need them. We can also create directories using Python. It is simple to create directories programmatically, but you must ensure that they do not already exist. You'll have difficulties if you don't. Following are different ways to create directories using Python if they do not exist - Using os.path.exists() with ... Read More
The Euler path is a path by which we visit every edge exactly once. We can use the same vertices for multiple times. The Euler Circuit is a special type of Euler path. When the starting vertex of the Euler path is also connected with the ending vertex of that path, then it is called the Euler Cycle. In this article, our task is to check if the Eulerian cycle exists in the given directed graph or not. In the above figure, there is a directed graph and its respective adjacency matrix. The Eulerian path respective to the ... Read More
The Euler path is a path using which we can visit every edge exactly once in a graph. The same vertex can be used for multiple times. The source and destination nodes in the Euler path are different. If the source and destination node become the same, then the Eulerian path is also an Eulerian cycle. In this article, our task is to check if there exists an Eulerian path in the given directed graph. Example of Eulerian Path The figure below displays that an Eulerian path exists in the given directed graph. We can see that the starting ... Read More
When dealing with large files in Python, it is not efficient to read the entire file into memory at once. In such cases, we can read the file in chunks using a specified buffer size. This helps reduce memory consumption and allows for efficient processing of large files. Following is the syntax of using the Buffer while reading a file - with open('filename', 'r') as file: chunk = file.read(buffer_size) Where, filename: The path of the file. 'r': Read mode buffer_size: Number of characters ... Read More
Iterating over files in a given directory helps to perform tasks such as finding files that match certain criteria or, counting the number of files in a directory. Python provides the following five ways to walk through all the existing files in a directory - os.listdir() method os.walk() method os.scandir() method Using pathlib module glob.iglob() method In this article, we are going to see all the above methods that are used to iterate over files in a given ... Read More
Zipping a folder recursively means compressing a folder along with all its subfolders and files. In this article, we will explore all the possible ways to zip a folder recursively using Python. Using zipfile and os.walk() In Python, we have the methods zipfile() and os.walk() to zip all the folders recursively. This is a manual approach of zipping the available subfolders and files into one. Following is an example that shows how to zip a folder recursively using Python - import zipfile import os def zip_folder_manual(folder_path, zip_path): with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf: ... Read More
C++ does not support functions that return arrays directly because arrays do not have a built-in size or type information that can be returned along with the array. This design choice was made by the C++ creators to avoid memory management issues. But, we have alternative methods to achieve similar result. In this article, we will understand why C++ does not support functions returning arrays and how to overcome this limitation using other techniques. Functions Returning an Array First of all, let's understand what will happen if we try to return an array from a function in C++. Array ... Read More
Python offers a built-in module named tarfile, which allows developers to create, read, and modify tar archives, i.e., standard Unix tarballs. We can use this module to compress multiple files into a single archive, with or without compression. Different File Modes to Create a tar file Here are the available different file modes to create a tar file using Python - "w": Write a tar archive without compression. "w:gz": Write a gzip-compressed archive. "w:bz2": Write a bzip2-compressed archive. "w:xz": Write an xz-compressed archive (Python 3.3+). Adding a Single File to ... Read More
Sometimes, in C++ when you try to print a string that containing special characters like escape sequences (), backslashes (\), or quotes(""), the output may not be as expected. To avoid this, C++ provides a feature called raw string literal. In this article, we will discuss what is raw string literal and how to use it in C++. What is Raw String Literal? A raw string literal in C++ is a type of string that preserves the formatting of the string content without changing any escape sequences such as "", "\t", or "". This is useful when you want ... Read More
In Python, we can extract a specific part of a file path of the directory using built-in modules such os.path and pathlib. Extracting a part of the file path is commonly needed when working with file systems, data processing, or scripts that handle files dynamically. Using os.path Module The os.path module in Python provides functions to manipulate files and directory paths. We can use this module to extract directory names, file names, and traverse up directory levels. Example Following is an example, which shows how to use the os.path module to extract a directory path from a full file path ... Read More