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Introduction Environmental pollution is caused by adverse changes in our environment, which damages a variety of plants, and animals, including humans. Contaminants lead to environmental pollution. They are any substances that can pollute the environment. It could be solid, liquid, or gaseous. It is produced in large concentrations because of certain human activities as well as natural events. This problem is increasing over the period. The ecological crisis is worsening by the day, and it must be discussed so that its adverse consequences on society & environment can be reduced. What is Pollution? Pollution exposes us to the universe of ... Read More
Introduction The name electrode was first put forward by the scientist William Whewell. And is obtained from the Greek word 'Elektron' and 'hodos' which means 'amber' and 'way'. The highly conducting nature of electrodes leads to the use of electrodes in many fields. Electrophore is the early version of an electrode that was discovered by the scientist Johan Wilcke that is used for the study of static electricity. And is also used as a term where the electricity enters or leaves the system. They have become an essential part of batteries and cells after their discovery. Later different types of ... Read More
Introduction The word "electrolyte" refers to particles with a positive or negative charge. It corresponds to important nutrients found in blood, sweat, & urine from a nutritional standpoint. Chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, magnesium, potassium, phosphate, calcium, & other electrolytes are found in our bodies. They are important in many bodily processes, including nerve & muscle function, maintaining a proper pH in the body, & keeping us hydrated. Electrolytes are minerals that contain an electric charge. When certain components dissolve in water $\mathrm{(H_{2}O)}$, they perform either a physical or a chemical change that results in the production of ions in the ... Read More
Introduction Barium chloride is represented or denoted by $\mathrm{BaCl_{2}}$. It is an inorganic chemical compound with a white salt-like appearance. It is toxic and imparts or releases a yellowish-greenish appearance to a flame. It can easily attract or hold the water molecules either by absorption or adsorption. It is more likely or easily soluble in the water. Due to its toxic nature, it is used in a limited amount in laboratories and industries. It is odourless and colourless in its natural appearance. It is soluble in water and methanol but insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate. It is used in ... Read More
Introduction According to the kinetic theory of gases, gas disperses to fill the space it occupies in a container since it has no intermolecular interactions. To put it another way, the particles in a gas mixture are spaced enough to behave independently of one another and not interact. There are no interactions with other substance particles, hence the pressure of an ideal gas is dictated by its interactions with the vessel rather than those with other substance particles. Without changing the pressure of another gas, a gas will grow to fill the vessel in which it is enclosed. Thus, it ... Read More
Introduction Dehydration synthesis describes the formation of larger molecules from the smaller reactant molecules along with the loss of a water molecule. A dehydration reaction is a subpart of a condensation reaction where water is the most common by-product. In the process of Dehydration synthesis, two smaller molecules are joined chemically while removing elements from both the reactant molecules and forming a new covalent bond. Dehydration means the loss of water and synthesis means the formation of a new molecule. In biological systems, dehydration synthesis refers to the formation of biological polymers by the addition of monomers which is again ... Read More
Introduction Water is the most fundamental requirement for all living forms on earth to survive. This is realistic to claim that water seems to be the case that Earth has been the only planet capable of supporting life. Water is regarded as the most important as well as a necessary component for the existence of all living forms on Earth. Humans rely heavily on water to meet all their needs. As a result, the analysis of water is critical. Several tests were carried out on it, and often a significant quantity of data has been collected. Water is indeed a ... Read More
Introduction The phrase 'destructive distillation' refers to the procedure of processing organic materials using specific reagents, restricted quantities of oxygen, solvents, as well as catalysts such as steam or even phenols. Destructive distillation may alternatively be described as the use of pyrolysis techniques. This would be accomplished at extremely high temperatures as well as in relatively inert environments. Coal is frequently exposed to harmful distillation. It is conducted to provide a diverse variety of commercially significant items. Ammonium hydroxide, coke, carbon, coal tar, coal gas, as well as coal oil are examples of economically relevant products. What is Destructive Distillation? ... Read More
Introduction Both fats and cholesterol belong to a group of molecules called lipids or triglycerides. They both come under the category of saturated and trans-fats. These are both stable fats, and such fatty acids, that are difficult to break down during digestion. The stabilization of saturated fats is caused due to the single bond present between atoms of carbon and hydrogen. The stabilization of trans-fats is due to the partial hydrogenation of unsaturated trans- fatty acids, making them saturated, and where extra hydrogen raises its melting point. Only saturated fat serves as a source of energy that to ... Read More
Introduction Nitrate, as well as nitrite, are inorganic chemicals with nitrogen (𝑁) as an important component. They have a variety of applications, including food preservation, fertiliser, ammunition, explosives, and so on. They are naturally created by nitrogen (𝑁) fixing bacteria. However, if consumed in excess, it can induce many gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in neonates, resulting in blue baby syndrome. Both nitrates, as well as nitrite, are frequently mistaken, however, they differ in the quantity of oxygen (𝑂) atoms they contain. Because nitrate is more stable than nitrite, microorganisms in the soil convert it to nitrate. Other features that distinguish them ... Read More