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Introduction Benzene is an aromatic compound and it has a sweet-smelling odour. It has six C-C bonds. Among these, three C-C bonds are 135 pm length double bonds and another three C-C bonds are 147 pm length single bonds. The shorter C-C distance is for the delocalisation of electrons that is similarly distributed among the carbon atoms. Substituting different functional groups like ketone, alcohol or aldehyde with hydrogen can create different compounds. What is Benzene? Benzene is an organic compound, which has six hydrogen atoms and six carbon atoms linked together in a planar ring structure. Due to the cyclic ... Read More
Introduction Substitution Reaction is described as a chemical element's functional group, which is being replaced by another group. An atom or a molecule can be substituted by an extra atom or molecule in this type of reaction. The reaction works when two or more elements are connected in a definite situation. The chemical and physical properties of the element alter because of this reaction. The bonding of chemical changes for this reaction, it also affects molecules and atoms of the element. What is Substitution Reaction? Figure 1 − General substitution reaction General substitution reaction, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0, ... Read More
Introduction Sucrose is made up of carbohydrates, which can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables. It is an important part of a plant during the process of photosynthesis. Sucrose occurs naturally so it has many commercial uses also. Beet sugar processing is done in a continuous process without the stage of raw sugar. The sugar beet is processed in hot water to extract the sugar from the fibre of the beet. What is Sucrose? Sucrose is known as glycosyl and glycoside formed by glucose. It has the function of osmolyte, which is a sweetening agent. Sucrose is found naturally ... Read More
Introduction Sugar Alcohol is broadly used in the food industry. It is used as the main product for making candies and sweets these days, due to sugar being proven to have harmful effects on health. These are normally extracted from sugar. Children tend to love sweet dishes more than anything, but they always have problems with health and tooth decay, which is very common in kids. What is Sugar Alcohol? Sugar Alcohols are made from carbohydrates, which are soluble in nature and taste sweet and get dissolved easily. It appears to be white and is a solid soluble compound. Generally, ... Read More
Introduction “Sulfur hexafluoride” is a very powerful greenhouse gas that has been discovered by scientists. The precedence of expression of “sulfur hexafluoride” is professional. This inorganic gaseous agent remains in the extreme lower part of the “atmosphere”, because “sulfur hexafluoride” is such a thick gas. This gas is also known as the “most stable gas” among other gases. This gaseous agent holds “six fluorine atoms bound with one sulfur atom”. It is an “inorganic gaseous agent” with useful “imaging-based potential activity”. What is Sulfur Hexafluoride? “Sulfur hexafluoride” forms its bound with “six fluorine atoms and one sulfur atom”. The composition ... Read More
Introduction “Sulfur Trioxide” is also presented by “$\mathrm{SO_{3}}$" which is mainly a chemical compound and presents various kinds of modifications. It is mainly available as molecules or crystals in its chemical form. It has no colour as a liquid and vaporises in air, only under certain conditions. It is mainly known for its strong oxidising powers and highly reactive nature. According to thermodynamics, it is unstable, as it can cause a fire. What is “Sulfur Trioxide”? Figure 1 − Structure of Sulfur Trioxide “Sulfur Trioxide” or “$\mathrm{SO_{3}}$” is mainly manufactured in large amounts owing to its similar nature to ... Read More
Introduction Sulfurous acid is highly “toxic, corrosive, and non-combustible” in nature that affects human health if inhaled in an excess amount. The individual can lead to death if the acid encounters their skin, or if it is “inhaled or ingested” in a higher amount. It can cause severe skin burns and affect vision if gets into the eyes. Sulfurous acid also liberates “irritating, corrosive, and toxic gases”. What is Sulfurous Acid? Sulfurous acid is determined as an “unstable and weak acid” that is derived when “sulphur dioxide” are dissolved in water. The formula of Sulfurous acid can be written as ... Read More
Introduction Sulphur naturally occurs near volcanoes and massive deposits in Texas and Louisiana in the USA. Sulphur helps in preparing batteries, detergents, and fungicides, manufacture of fertilizers, gunpowder, matches and fireworks. In chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the chemical compound is used to make stronger and first resistant concrete materials. What is Sulphur? Sulphur in nature is present as sulphides and has several vital ores such as chalcopyrite, bornite, pentlandite, millerite and molybdenite. Sulphide minerals that are formed from sulphur include pyrite and marcasite are iron sulphide, and stibnite is antimony sulphide. Figure 1 − Allotropic forms of Sulphur The ... Read More
Introduction Sulphur dioxide is practically a very dull gas however, it releases a very strong and pungent odour. This is highly toxic to breathe. This gas has several definitive characteristic traits, like, as this can naturally occur in a colourless form and can readily mix into water. This gas can be prepared in laboratories as well. What is sulphur dioxide? Sulphur dioxide is also acknowledged as sulphurous anhydrate or sulphur (IV) oxide. This chemical compound has been utilised by humans for various usages across history. In the early days, Romans used this gas in the preparation of wine. This is ... Read More
Introduction Suzuki coupling reaction is named after an eminent chemist Akira Suzuki and it is known as the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. This reaction shows the coupling with a halide that is over ling of the specimen of an organoboron palladium catalyst. The formation of the strong bond between two carbons is the basic formation of the reaction. What is the Suzuki coupling reaction? Suzuki coupling reaction is one of the most important reactions that is mainly formed by a single chemical bond of carbon-carbon with the help of coupling a species of organoboron along with the aryl halide in the existence ... Read More