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Introduction The metallurgy that deals with metal, iron and its alloy is ferrous metallurgy. In ancient times iron has been used for several applications by humans. It is a metallic element with the atomic number 26 and has some unique characteristics. They are very dense and are abundant in the earth's crust. About five percent of the earth's crust is covered by metal iron. The abundance is in fourth place. Iron is placed in the d block or transition elements. The pure metals of iron have many advantages. So, it is very important to extract iron in its pure form. ... Read More
Introduction A crystalline structure with a blue-grey metallic sheen, silicon is hard and brittle. In the periodic table, it corresponds to group 14; carbon is well above it, and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are well below it. Despite being the eighth greatest frequent element on the planet in terms of mass, silicon infrequently appears in the crust of the Earth as a pure element. The majority of silicon used in industry is not separated, and the natural minerals are frequently very lightly processed. What is Silicon? The chemical element silicon has an atomic number of 14 and ... Read More
Introduction Butane is a saturated hydrocarbon with four carbons. It is unbranched in structure. It is a type of organic chemical. Its chemical formula is C4 H10. It is a widely utilised chemical that is mostly utilised in gasoline mixtures. It is sometimes referred to as Methyl Ethyl Methane or even n-Butane. It belongs to the paraffinic hydrocarbon family. It is an organic chemical that, at ambient temperature as well as atmospheric pressure, is a colourless, extremely combustible gas. It smells like gasoline. What are Isomers? Isomers are substances that have a similar no. of atoms, that is, ... Read More
Introduction An isothermal process is a type or form of the thermodynamic process where the temperature (T) of the system (s) remains constant (c), that is ΔT=0. This process occurs generally when the system remains in contact with an outside (o) thermal reservoir, and also a change in the system (s) occurs slowly (s) enough to permit the system to be continuously adjusted or fixed to the temperature (T) of the reservoir through the heat (ΔH) exchange. For an ideal gas, all the collisions between (b/w) molecules or atoms (a) are perfectly (completely) elastic and there is no intermolecular ... Read More
Introduction British researcher J.J. Thomson revealed that the atom was made up of many tiny components designed to transport electrical charge. During Thomson's study, scientists believed that atoms were fundamentally neutral. Thomson claimed that atoms included microscopic -ve particles floating over a +ve charged fluid. The plum pudding model is another name for this model. What do we understand by an Atomic Model? The atomic model is the framework that describes the composition & structure of the atom, and it has evolved over the years. The atom has been extensively studied as a constituent of the cosmos to comprehend ... Read More
Introduction Potassium sulphate is an inorganic compound with the other name sulphate of potash is an important chemical compound with many applications, especially in fertilizers. In the 14th century itself, potassium sulphate was known. Tachenius, Glauber, and Boyle are the first to study this chemical compound. It is a salt that is a combination of an acidic and basic compound. Christopher Glaser, a pharmaceutical chemist prepared it and used this for chemical applications, making it named Glaser's salt. It is especially a synthesized chemical, the mineral form is very rare, and arcanite is the mineral of potassium sulphate. A ... Read More
Introduction The process of measuring temperature is very important for getting information related to a local region. And this can then be used for an immediate evaluation. There are many discoveries for the making of a proper temperature measurement scale. The device first introduced for the measurement of temperature was the thermoscope. Gabriel Fahrenheit produced the first thermometer in the 18th century, it is a mercury-based one. The Fahrenheit scale is the measuring scale and is still in use. The discoveries further continued for a proper scale for measuring the temperature. Later Anders Celsius introduced the Celsius scale in 1972. ... Read More
Introduction Parallel lines are lines never meet at any point, and the distance between two lines is the same. In geometry, straight lines may be intersecting or non-intersecting lines. Intersecting lines make an angle with each other, whereas non-intersecting lines do not make any angle with each other. Parallel lines are lines which do not intersect each other. Each point in a parallel line is equidistant from its corresponding point in the other line. Intersecting lines make angles among themselves from 0 degree to 360 degrees. In a two-dimensional plane, two or more lines can be intersect, parallel, and perpendicular ... Read More
Introduction PEMDAS means the order of operations for mathematical expressions involving more than one mathematical operations. In an arithmetic expression containing more than one mathematical operator or a parenthesis, there is a preference in order of operations to be followed to get the correct result of the arithmetic expression the order of operations in a shortcut called PEMDAS. The change in the order of operations would change the result of the arithmetic expression. Therefore, the PEMDAS rule is strictly followed to get the correct result. In the United Kingdom, it is called BODMAS, in Canada, it is called BEDMAS. In ... Read More
Introduction Pictographs are graphs used to represent data using symbols and images associated with the data. Pictographs are a way of expressing data using images. Each image of the icon represents a specific number. That is, the icon uses images and symbols to convey information about the data provided. Pictograms need to be used very carefully and are very convenient to use, but they can also misinterpret the data. When drawing a pictogram, the data is most often interpreted visually and should look visually correct. You can easily interpret your data using various image representations of your data, such as ... Read More