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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
How to find the number of unique values in each row of an R data frame?
To find the number of unique values in each row of an R data frame, we can use apply function with length and unique function. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains multiple columns then the number of unique values in each row of df can be found by using the command apply(df, 1, function(x) length(unique(x))).Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 x3 x4 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 x4 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 0 2 3 3 2 0 1 4 3 0 3 1 ...
Read MoreRemove tuples having duplicate first value from given list of tuples in Python
When it is required to remove tuples that have a duplicate first value from a given set of list of tuples, a simple 'for' loop, and the 'add' and 'append' methods can be used.Below is a demonstration for the same −Examplemy_input = [(45.324, 'Hi Jane, how are you'), (34252.85832, 'Hope you are good'), (45.324, 'You are the best.')] visited_data = set() my_output_list = [] for a, b in my_input: if not a in visited_data: visited_data.add(a) my_output_list.append((a, b)) print("The list of tuple is : ") print(my_input) print("The list of tuple after removing ...
Read MoreHow to perform paired t test for multiple columns in R?
When we have a factor column in an R data frame that has two levels and multiple numerical columns then we can apply paired-test on this data frame but the data must be collected for same subjects, otherwise it will not be a paired data. The t.test application on the data discussed here can be done by using the command lapply(df[-1], function(x) t.test(x~df$group)), where group is the factor column and lies at the first position in the data frame, x contains all the numerical columns in the data frame, and all these columns are stored in data frame called df.ExampleConsider ...
Read MoreHow to extract the last row from list of a data frame in R?
Suppose we have two frames each having 5 columns that are stored in a list in R and we want to extract the last row from each data frame then we can use the lapply function. For example, if we have a list called LIST that contains the data frames described above then we can extract the last row from each data frame using the command lapply(LIST, tail, 1).ExampleConsider the below list of data frames −> x1 x2 df1 y1 y2 df2 z1 z2 df3 List ListOutput[[1]] x1 x2 1 6 5 2 6 5 3 ...
Read MoreModifying tuple contents with list in Python
When it is required to modify the list of tuple, the 'zip' method and the list comprehension can be used.The zip method takes iterables, aggregates them into a tuple, and returns it as the result.The list comprehension is a shorthand to iterate through the list and perform operations on it.A list can be used to store heterogeneous values (i.e data of any data type like integer, floating point, strings, and so on). A list of tuple basically contains tuples enclosed in a list.Below is a demonstration for the same −Examplemy_list_1 = [('Hi', 1), ('there', 2), ('Jane', 3)] my_list_2 = [45, ...
Read MoreHow to convert a column with missing values to binary with 0 for missing values in R?
To convert a column with missing values to binary with 0 for missing values, we can use as.integer function with complete.cases for the data frame column. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column x which has some missing values then the column x can be converted to binary with 0 for missing values by using the command −as.integer(complete.cases(df$x))Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 y1 df1 df1Output x1 y1 1 NA 2 2 2 5 3 2 10 4 2 2 5 2 4 6 NA 7 7 NA ...
Read MoreSplit tuple into groups of n in Python
When it is required to split the tuple into 'n' groups, the list comprehension can be used. A tuple is an immutable data type. It means, values once defined can't be changed by accessing their index elements. If we try to change the elements, it results in an error. They are important contains since they ensure read-only access.The list comprehension is a shorthand to iterate through the list and perform operations on it.Below is a demonstration for the same −Examplemy_tuple = (12, 34, 32, 41, 56, 78, 9, 0, 87, 53, 12, 45, 12, 6) print ("The tuple is ...
Read MoreWhat to do if numeric values are being read as character in R?
If the numeric values are being read as character then we need to convert them into numeric values by using the function as.numeric. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column say x which has numerical values stored in character format then we can convert them into numeric values using the command as.numeric(df$x).ExampleConsider the below data frame −x1
Read MoreHow to find the column that has the largest sum in R?
To find the column that has the largest sum, we can use sort function for sorting in decreasing order with colSums and accessing the first element of the output which will be the largest sum. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains multiple columns then the column that has the largest sum can be found by using the command −str(sort(colSums(df[, 1:length(df)]), decreasing=TRUE)[1])Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 x3 x4 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 x4 1 3 4 4 5 2 6 10 3 3 3 6 5 2 5 ...
Read MoreSelective value selection in list of tuples in Python
When it is required to find the selective value in a list of tuples, the 'dict' method, the 'get' method and the list comprehension can be used.The list comprehension is a shorthand to iterate through the list and perform operations on it. A list can be used to store heterogeneous values (i.e data of any data type like integer, floating point, strings, and so on).A list of tuple basically contains tuples enclosed in a list.The 'dict' method creates a dictionary. It contains key value pairs, which are unordered, and indexed.The 'get' method returns the value of a specific key when ...
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