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What is Column Summation Column summation refers to the process of calculating the sum of values within each column of a dataset or a matrix. In the context of data analysis or numerical computations, column summation is a common operation used to summarize and analyze data along the vertical axis. For example, consider a dataset represented as a table with rows and columns. Each column corresponds to a variable or a feature, and each row represents an observation or a data point. Column summation involves adding up the values within each column to obtain a single sum for each variable. ... Read More
The column mean in a tuple list refers to the average value of elements within each column of the tuple data. A tuple list is a collection of tuples, where each tuple represents a record or observation, and the elements within each tuple correspond to different columns or variables. Column means can be particularly useful when dealing with numerical data and performing statistical analysis or making data-driven decisions. For example, consider the following tuple list. data = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)] In this case, the tuple list has three tuples, and each tuple ... Read More
The constructor chaining is a particular sequence of injecting constructors when an user initialize an object in a particular method. This process can be used when we invoke a bulk number of constructors one by one only on the basis of the instance class. This process is an another method linked with the inheritance where the task of a sub-class constructor to call a super class constructor. Constructor chaining can be performed in two ways in Java − Within same class − The process can be done by the using of this() keyword for the constructors present in the same class. From base class − by using the ... Read More
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam that has been finally assented by the President of India on 25th of December, 2023, has become a new evidence law by replacing the existing Indian Evidence Act of 1872. It is thoroughly revised and consolidated with the objective to resolve the issues and concerns largely raised because of lengthy and complex features of existing Act and also the issues arose because of the advancement of technology. What does the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Exactly Define? The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (or simply BSA) is now the main procedural as well as substantive law for the administration ... Read More
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita that has been finally assented by the President of India on 25th of December, 2023, has become a new criminal (procedural) law by replacing the existing Criminal Procedure Code of 1973. It is thoroughly revised and consolidated with the objective to resolve the issues and concerns raised because of the lengthy and complex features of existing Criminal Procedural Code and change in societal practices and technological advancement. What does the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Exactly Define? The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (or simply BNSS) is now the main procedural law for the administration of ... Read More
Introduction As trade and commerce flourished, merchants started to extend their trade with the help of more labor and the creation of small trading outposts. The factories we see today are not the result of a single process whereas it took decades of planning and evolution for man to create such factories and industries. The initial time before the coming of factories is called proto-industrialization by some historians which implies that even before the wave of factories in England and Europe there was a platform for large-scale industrial production in the industrial market. It is said to be a network ... Read More
Introduction The Weimar Republic was a democratic republic in Germany from 1919 to 1933. The name "Weimar" is taken from the city of Weimar, where the assembly established this republic met between 1919 and 1920. After World War I, it was established and lasted until 1933, when Adolf Hitler came to power. The Weimar Republic is also known as the "Republic of the Centre" because it was formed by political parties that were not on either side of the German Civil War (1918–19). During these years, it had three different presidents: Friedrich Ebert, Paul von Hindenburg, and Wilhelm Marx. The ... Read More
Introduction Ancient India has the roots of many practices and the culture that we practice and follow today. In this tutorial, we’ll be tracing the roots of a few parts of our civilization - Coins, Cities with many functions, Crafts, and Craftsmen. Coins By researchers, records of millions of coins are found in the ancient Indian history. They found that coins marked by punches were the first coinage system and circulation of these coins remained for roughly 500 years. Because the pattern or designs were punched into the metal – copper or silver — they are given this name i.e. ... Read More
Introduction With trade routes and the exchange of technology and knowledge, the economy also started to grow and by the 19th century, the world economy grew with growing social, and cultural interactions which reshaped societies and external relations. But certain economists had structured the movements of international exchanges into three. This is the trade that is referred to as trade in goods. The flow of labor The most important one is the flow of capital from long-distance locations which is either short-term or long-term. To understand the working of the world economy it is essential to look at ... Read More
Introduction Millions of different species of flora and wildlife across the world find refuge in forests. The advantages of forests, however, go well beyond the fauna that calls them home. By balancing greenhouse gas emissions, improving the quality of the air in our atmosphere, and preventing climate change, they play a critical part in the global carbon cycle. But when businesses clear more and more of our forests to create a place for industry and agriculture, the effects affect the whole globe. Every year, deforestation damages our ecosystem, has an influence on human life, and results in the deaths of ... Read More