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(a) What is meant by a functional group? Explain with an example.(b) Write three common functional groups present in organic compounds. Give their symbols/formulae.
(c) Name the functional groups present in the following compounds:
(i) CH3COOH (ii) CH3CH2CHO (iii) C2H5OH (iv) CH3COCH2CH3
(d) Name the functional group which always occurs in the middle of a carbon chain.
(e) Draw the structures for the following compounds:
(i) Ethanal (ii) Propanal (iii) Butanal (iv) Pentanal
(a) An 'atom' or 'a group of atoms' that makes a carbon compound (or organic compound) reactive and decides its properties (or functions) is called a functional group.
Example: The alcohol group, −OH, present in ethanol, C2H5OH, is a functional group.
(b) Three common functional groups present in organic compounds and their symbol are given below:
(i) Halogen group: −X
(ii) Alcohol group: −OH
(iii) Aldehyde group: −CHO
(c) The functional groups present in the compounds are -
(i) Carboxylic acid group
(ii) Aldehyde group
(iii) Alcohol group
(iv) Ketone group
(d) The functional group which always occurs in the middle of a carbon chain is the Ketone group, −CO−.
(e) The structures are shown in the figure below:
![](/assets/questions/media/145526-37569-1611061310.png)
(i) Ethanal
![](/assets/questions/media/145526-37569-1611061987.png)
(ii) Propanal
![](/assets/questions/media/145526-37569-1611062032.png)
(iii) Butanal
![](/assets/questions/media/145526-37569-1611062081.png)
(iv) Pentanal
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