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(a) What is an ion ? How is an ion formed ? Explain with the help of two examples of different ions.
(b) The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below :
Ion Valency (Charge) Ion Valency (Charge)
Sodium ion 1+ Bromide ion 1–
Ammonium ion 1+ Hydroxide ion 1–
Calcium ion 2+ Sulphate ion 2–
Lead ion 2+ Phosphate ion 3–
Using this information, write down the formulae of the following compounds :
(i) Sodium phosphate
(ii) Ammonium sulphate
(iii) Calcium hydroxide
(iv) Lead bromide
(a) An ion is an electrically-charged atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons.
It is formed when a neutral atom loses or gains electrons. This loss or gain of electrons imparts a charge (positive or negative) to the neutral atom making it an ion.
There are two different types of ions:
If a neutral atom loses an electron, an overall positive charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a positively-charged ion or cation. It has less number of electrons than the total number of protons as compared to the neutral atom.
Example: Sodium readily loses an electron to become a positively-charged sodium ion (Na+).
If a neutral atom gains an electron, an overall negative charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a negatively-charged ion or anion. It has more no of electrons than the number of protons compared to the neutral atom.
Example: Chlorine readily gains an electron to become a negatively-charged chloride ion (Cl-).
(b) The formula of the given compounds are given below:
| (i) Sodium phosphate | Na3PO4 |
| (ii) Ammonium sulphate | (NH4)2SO4 |
| (iii) Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
| (iv) Lead bromide | PbBr2 |
Updated on: 10-Oct-2022
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