(a) What are hydrocarbons? Explain with examples.
(b) Explain the meaning of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
(c) Give the names and structural formulae of one saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and one unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.
(d) Give one example of a hydrocarbon, other than pentane, having more than three isomers.
(e) How many isomers of the following hydrocarbons are possible?
(i) C3H8 (ii) C4H10 (iii) C5H12 (iv) C6H14
(a) A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon only is called a hydrocarbon.
Example: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), and ethyne (C2H2), all are hydrocarbons as they are made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen.
(b) Saturated hydrocarbons are those in which the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds and also called alkanes.
Example: Methane and ethane
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those in which the two carbon atoms are connected by a double bond or a triple bond.
Example: Ethene and ethyne
(c) Saturated cyclic hydrocarbon: Cyclohexane C6H12
Unsaturated Cyclic hydrocarbon: Benzene C6H6
(d) Hexane has more than three isomers.
(e) No. of isomers are given below:
(i) Zero
(ii) Two
(iii) Three
(iv) Five
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- Mention two differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- You are given the following molecular formulae of some hydrocarbons:C5H8 ; C7H14 ; C6H6 ; C5H10 ; C7H12 ; C6H12 (a) Which formula represents cyclohexane as well as hexane? (b) Which formula represents benzene? (c) Which three formulae represent open chain unsaturated hydrocarbons having double bonds? (d) Which two formulae represent unsaturated hydrocarbons having triple bonds? (e) Which three formulae can represent cyclic hydrocarbons?
- What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
- (a) Give the names and structural formulae of the next two higher homologues of methane.(b) The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C10H18. Name its homologous series. (c) Select the hydrocarbons which are members of the same homologous series. Give the name of each series. C5H10 ; C3H8 ; C6H10 ; C4H10 ; C7H12 ; C8H16.
- The unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds are called ____________.
- What is the molecular formula and structural formula of a cyclic hydrocarbon whose one molecule contains 8 hydrogen atoms?
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Which of the following hydrocarbons will give substitution reactions and why?CH4, C3H6, C3H8, C4H6, C5H12, C5H10
- Which of the following hydrocarbons is unsaturated?C3H4 ; C2H6
- Write the molecular and structural formula of a cyclic hydrocarbon whose molecule contains 8 atoms of carbon.
- (a) Write names and formulae of hydrocarbons containing a single and a double bond (one example for each). Give one characteristic chemical property of each. (b) What is a detergent? Name one detergent. (c) Why have detergents replaced soap as a washing agent?
- (a) What is homologous series? Explain with an example.(b) State two characteristics of a homologous series. (c) The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36. Name its homologous series. (d) Select the hydrocarbons which belong to the same homologous series. Give the name of each series. CH4, C2H2 ,C3H4 ,C2H6 ,C4H10, C3H4, C3H6 . (e) What is meant by 'heteroatom'? Give examples. Write the names and formulae of two organic compounds containing different heteroatoms.
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